Agha Sohail, Hutchinson Paul, Kusanthan Thankian
Department of International Health and Development, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA.
J Adolesc Health. 2006 May;38(5):550-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2005.04.012.
To determine whether religious affiliation reduces HIV risk among young women in Zambia, and to examine the effects of religious affiliation on sexual initiation and on condom use during first sexual experience.
Data from a representative probability sample of 5534 women aged 13-20 years was analyzed. The instrument included questions on sexual initiation, condom use during first sex, religious affiliation, and sociodemographic characteristics of respondents. Statistical tests were performed at the bivariate and multivariate levels. Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression were used at the multivariate levels. Standard errors were adjusted for the "clustering" effect found in data from multistage cluster samples.
Affiliation with religious groups that excommunicate members for engaging in premarital sex, and that oppose condom use has both positive and negative effects on behaviors that carry the risk of HIV infection; young women affiliated with conservative groups are more likely to delay sexual initiation but less likely to use condoms during first sex.
Denominations that are not only strongly opposed to premarital sex and condom use, but are able to exercise control over adolescents through socialization or the threat of social exclusion, are likely to create conflicting behaviors among adolescents that cancel each other in terms of HIV risk. Overall, these findings suggest that affiliation with conservative religious groups is unlikely to reduce the risk of HIV infection. Additional studies are recommended.
确定宗教归属是否能降低赞比亚年轻女性感染艾滋病毒的风险，并研究宗教归属对首次性行为开始时间以及首次性行为时使用避孕套情况的影响。
对5534名年龄在13至20岁的具有代表性概率样本的女性数据进行分析。该调查工具包括有关首次性行为开始时间、首次性行为时使用避孕套情况、宗教归属以及受访者社会人口学特征的问题。在双变量和多变量层面进行统计检验。多变量层面使用Cox比例风险模型和逻辑回归分析。针对多阶段整群抽样数据中发现的“聚类”效应调整标准误差。
隶属于那些会因成员发生婚前性行为而将其逐出教会且反对使用避孕套的宗教团体，对具有感染艾滋病毒风险的行为有正负两方面影响；隶属于保守团体的年轻女性更有可能推迟首次性行为开始时间，但在首次性行为时使用避孕套的可能性较小。
那些不仅强烈反对婚前性行为和使用避孕套，而且能够通过社会化或社会排斥威胁对青少年实施控制的教派，很可能在青少年中造成相互冲突的行为，就艾滋病毒风险而言这些行为相互抵消。总体而言，这些研究结果表明，隶属于保守宗教团体不太可能降低感染艾滋病毒的风险。建议开展更多研究。
