Ehsanfar S, Modarres-Sanavy S A M
University of Tarbiat Modarres, Tehran, Iran.
Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci. 2005;70(3):225-9.
Providence of sufficient and healthy food for increasing human population clears the importance of notice to increasing crop production in company with environmental loss reduction. Growth and yield of every plant with sexual reproduction, depends on germination & emergence of sown seeds. Seed is a small alive plant that its biological function is protection and nutrition of embryo. Biological, chemical and physiological characteristics of seed, affect on plant performance & its resistance to undesirable environmental conditions, and even on its total yield. So attention to seed and try to increase its performance is so important. One of the factors that cause reduction in germination percentage and seedling establishment, is seed disease. It's possible to control these diseases by treating the seed before planting it. Coating the seed with pesticides, is one of the ways to gain this goal. Seed coating is a technique in which several material as fertilizers, nutritional elements, moisture attractive or repulsive agents, plant growth regulators, rhizobium inocolum, chemical & pesticide etc, add to seed by adhesive agents and cause to increase seed performance and germination. Seed coating, leads to increase benefits in seed industry, because seeds can use all of their genetic vigor. This technique is used for seeds of many garden plants, valuable crops (such as corn, sunflower, canola, alfalfa,...) and some of the grasses. In this technique that was first used in coating cereal seeds in 1930, a thin and permeable layer of pesticide is stuck on seed surface and prevent damage of seedborn pathogens. This layer is melted or splited after absorption of moisture and suitable temperature by seed, and let the radical to exit the seed. In this approach materials are used accurately with seed, evaporation & leakage of pesticide and also adverse effects of some pesticides on seeds are diminished, and these factors cause to increase the accuracy and performance of pesticide, decrease their consumption, environmental pollution and costs. This technique in new and there is a few information about it. So after searching and studying about this technique this paper is written to introduce it and its applications in crop protection.
为不断增长的人口提供充足且健康的食物，凸显了在减少环境损失的同时提高作物产量的重要性。每一种有性繁殖植物的生长和产量都取决于播种种子的发芽和出苗情况。种子是一株小型的活体植物，其生物学功能是保护和滋养胚。种子的生物学、化学和生理特性会影响植物的生长表现及其对不良环境条件的抗性，甚至影响其总产量。因此，关注种子并努力提高其性能非常重要。导致发芽率降低和幼苗定植减少的因素之一是种子病害。在播种前对种子进行处理可以控制这些病害。用农药包衣种子是实现这一目标的方法之一。种子包衣是一种技术，通过粘合剂将多种物质（如肥料、营养元素、吸湿或拒湿剂、植物生长调节剂、根瘤菌接种剂、化学物质和农药等）添加到种子上，从而提高种子性能和发芽率。种子包衣能为种子产业带来更多益处，因为种子能够充分发挥其遗传活力。这项技术适用于许多园林植物、经济作物（如玉米、向日葵、油菜、苜蓿等）以及一些草种。该技术于1930年首次用于谷物种子包衣，在种子表面附着一层薄且可渗透的农药层，防止种子携带的病原体造成损害。种子吸收水分和适宜温度后，这层包衣会融化或裂开，使胚根能够穿出种子。通过这种方法，物质与种子精确配合使用，减少了农药的蒸发和渗漏，以及一些农药对种子的不利影响，这些因素提高了农药的准确性和性能，降低了农药用量、环境污染和成本。这项技术尚新，相关信息较少。因此，在对该技术进行搜索和研究后，撰写本文以介绍其及其在作物保护中的应用。
