Roche Paul W, Krause Vicki L, Bartlett Mark, Coleman David, Cook Heather, Davis Craig, Fielding James E, Holland Ros, Giele Carolien, Gilmour Robin, Kampen Riemke, Brown Mitchell, Gilbert Lyn, Hogg Geoff, Murphy Denise
Office of Health Protection, Department of Health and Ageing, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory.
Commun Dis Intell Q Rep. 2006;30(1):80-92. doi: 10.33321/cdi.2006.30.2.
There were 2,375 cases of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) notified to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System in Australia in 2004; a notification rate of 11.8 cases per 100,000 population. The rate varied between states and territories and by geographical region with the highest rates in the Northern Territory. Invasive pneumococcal disease was reported most frequently in children aged less than 5 years (55.4 cases per 100,000 population). Enhanced surveillance for IPD was carried out in all states and territories, in 2004, providing additional data on 2,023 (85%) cases. The overall rate of IPD in Indigenous Australians was 3.2 times the rate in non-Indigenous Australians. There were 154 deaths attributed to IPD resulting in an overall case fatality rate of 7.6 per cent. Rates of IPD in the Indigenous and non-Indigenous under 2-year-old population were similar in 2004 (91.5 and 93.6 cases per 100,000 population, respectively) following a targeted introduction of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (7vPCV) in mid-2001 for Indigenous infants and children. Serotypes of isolates were identified from 80 per cent of all notified cases, with 72 per cent of isolates belonging to serotypes represented in the 7vPCV and 91 per cent in the 23-valent polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine (23vPPV). Comparison of serotypes in the 7vPCV target population showed that the rate of IPD due to 7vPCV serotypes decreased by 74 per cent between 2001-02 and 2003-04. Of 216 isolates with reduced penicillin susceptibility, 83 per cent belonged to pneumococcal serotypes in the 7vPCV and 95 per cent in the 23vPPV.
2004年，澳大利亚国家法定传染病监测系统共收到2375例侵袭性肺炎球菌病（IPD）通报；通报率为每10万人11.8例。该发病率在各州和领地以及不同地理区域有所不同，北领地的发病率最高。侵袭性肺炎球菌病在5岁以下儿童中报告最为频繁（每10万人55.4例）。2004年，所有州和领地均对侵袭性肺炎球菌病加强了监测，提供了另外2023例（85%）病例的相关数据。澳大利亚原住民侵袭性肺炎球菌病的总体发病率是非原住民的3.2倍。侵袭性肺炎球菌病导致154人死亡，总体病死率为7.6%。在2001年年中针对原住民婴幼儿有针对性地引入7价肺炎球菌结合疫苗（7vPCV）之后，2004年2岁以下原住民和非原住民人群的侵袭性肺炎球菌病发病率相似（分别为每10万人91.5例和93.6例）。从所有通报病例的80%中鉴定出了分离株的血清型，其中72%的分离株属于7vPCV中包含的血清型，91%属于23价肺炎球菌多糖疫苗（23vPPV）中包含的血清型。对7vPCV目标人群中的血清型进行比较显示，2001 - 2002年至2003 - 2004年期间，由7vPCV血清型导致的侵袭性肺炎球菌病发病率下降了74%。在216株对青霉素敏感性降低的分离株中，83%属于7vPCV中的肺炎球菌血清型，95%属于23vPPV中的血清型。
