Vallejo Alberto F, Schroeder Edward T, Zheng Ling, Jensky Nicole E, Sattler Fred R
University of Southern California, Biokinesiolgy, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Age Ageing. 2006 May;35(3):291-7. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afj082.
In older ambulatory persons, exercise strategies that are expected to generate beneficial muscle adaptations with low cardiopulmonary demands are needed.
We hypothesised that eccentric resistance exercise would be less demanding on the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems than bouts of concentric resistance exercise.
The effects of eccentric and concentric resistance exercise were compared during leg squats at a submaximal intensity known to increase muscle mass.
19 Older persons (15 women/four men, age 65 +/- 4 years) and 19 young reference controls (10 women/nine men; age 25 +/- 2 years) were enrolled.
Participants completed eccentric-only and concentric-only exercise bouts 5-7 days apart.
Cardiovascular and pulmonary measures were collected from subjects during bouts consisting of three sequential sets of 10 repetitions at 65% of their voluntary concentric 1-repetition maximum force (68+/-16 kg for older participants and 94 +/- 36 kg for young participants). Peak heart rate (119 +/- 10 versus 155 +/- 16 b.p.m.), systolic blood pressure (129 +/- 18 versus 167 +/- 14 mmHg), cardiac index (7.8 +/- 2.0 versus 9.2 +/- 1.5 l/min/m2) and expired ventilation (20.5 +/- 5.7 versus 29.8 +/- 9.1 l/min) were significantly lower during eccentric than during concentric bouts in the older subjects, respectively (P < 0.001 for all comparisons). Similarly, peak heart rate, systolic blood pressure, cardiac index and expired ventilation were significantly lower during eccentric bouts in the young control subjects.
Eccentric resistance exercise produced less cardiopulmonary demands and may be better suited for older persons with low exercise tolerance and at risk of adverse cardiopulmonary events.
对于老年非卧床人群，需要有望在低心肺需求情况下产生有益肌肉适应性变化的运动策略。
我们假设离心阻力运动对心血管和肺部系统的需求低于向心阻力运动。
在已知可增加肌肉量的次最大强度腿部深蹲运动中，比较离心和向心阻力运动的效果。
招募了19名老年人（15名女性/4名男性，年龄65±4岁）和19名年轻对照者（10名女性/9名男性；年龄25±2岁）。
参与者在间隔5 - 7天的时间里分别完成仅离心运动和仅向心运动。
在由三组连续每组10次重复动作组成的运动期间，以参与者自愿向心1次重复最大力量的65%（老年参与者为68±16千克，年轻参与者为94±36千克）收集受试者的心血管和肺部指标。老年受试者在离心运动期间的峰值心率（119±10对155±16次/分钟）、收缩压（129±18对167±14毫米汞柱）、心脏指数（7.8±2.0对9.2±1.5升/分钟/平方米）和呼气通气量（20.5±5.7对29.8±9.1升/分钟）分别显著低于向心运动期间（所有比较P<0.001）。同样，年轻对照者在离心运动期间的峰值心率、收缩压、心脏指数和呼气通气量也显著较低。
离心阻力运动对心肺的需求较低，可能更适合运动耐量低且有发生不良心肺事件风险的老年人。
