Bhat Ravi S, Chiu Edmond, Jeste Dilip V
Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2005 Nov;18(6):609-14. doi: 10.1097/01.yco.0000186814.08826.db.
Nutritional issues have received little attention in geriatric psychiatry research. This review focuses on literature published in 2003 and 2004 on nutritional factors in mental illness in the elderly and proposes directions for future research.
There has been more research on the role of micronutrients in psychiatric disorders of older adults but studies examining nutritional state in this population are lacking. The former research suggests associations between low folic acid/vitamin B12 status and depression in older adults whereas evidence for other micronutrients is still tentative. In the latter work, there is only one study that examines malnutrition in psychogeriatric patients despite the availability of well-validated screening tools for assessing nutritional state in the elderly and the known impact of undernutrition in ageing and the development of frailty. The role of obesity in ageing is also relevant especially as more people with schizophrenia live longer, although the current evidence in the non-mentally ill elderly suggests that being overweight may have protective effects in the elderly.
Malnutrition is likely to have considerable impact on the mental and physical state of the elderly.
营养问题在老年精神病学研究中很少受到关注。本综述聚焦于2003年和2004年发表的关于老年人精神疾病营养因素的文献，并提出未来研究方向。
关于微量营养素在老年人精神障碍中的作用已有更多研究，但缺乏针对该人群营养状况的研究。前者的研究表明老年人中低叶酸/维生素B12状态与抑郁症之间存在关联，而其他微量营养素的证据仍不确凿。在后者的研究中，尽管有经过充分验证的评估老年人营养状况的筛查工具，且已知营养不良对衰老和虚弱发展的影响，但仅有一项研究考察了老年精神病患者的营养不良情况。肥胖在衰老中的作用也很重要，尤其是随着越来越多的精神分裂症患者寿命延长，尽管目前非精神病老年人的证据表明超重可能对老年人有保护作用。
营养不良可能对老年人的精神和身体状态产生相当大的影响。
