Leary Scott P, Liu Charles Y, Apuzzo Michael L J
Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Neurosurgery. 2006 May;58(5):805-23; discussion 805-23. doi: 10.1227/01.NEU.0000216793.45952.ED.
THE NOTION OF nanotechnology has evolved since its inception as a fantastic conceptual idea to its current position as a mainstream research initiative with broad applications among all divisions of science. In the first part of this series, we reviewed the structures and principles that comprise the main body of knowledge of nanoscience and nanotechnology (58). This article reviews and discusses the applications of nanotechnology to biological systems that will undoubtedly transform the foundations of disease diagnosis, treatment, and prevention in the future. Specific attention is given to developments in diagnostics and imaging at the nanoscale level. The use of nanoparticles and nanomaterials as biodetection agents for deoxyribonucleic acid and proteins is presented. In addition, nanodevices, such as nanowires, nanotubes, and nanocantilevers, can be combined with nanoarrays and nanofluidics to create integrated and automated nanodetection platforms. Molecular imaging modalities based on quantum dots and magnetic nanoparticles are also discussed. This technology has been extended to the imaging of intracranial neoplasms. Further innovation within these disciplines will form the basis for the development of mature nanomedicine. The final article of the series will focus on additional advancements in nanomedicine, namely nanotherapy and nanosurgery, and will cover the innovations that will lead to the eventual realization of nanoneurosurgery.
自纳米技术诞生以来，其概念已从一个奇妙的想法演变为一项主流研究倡议，在所有科学领域都有广泛应用。在本系列文章的第一部分，我们回顾了构成纳米科学和纳米技术知识主体的结构与原理（58）。本文将回顾并讨论纳米技术在生物系统中的应用，这些应用无疑将在未来改变疾病诊断、治疗和预防的基础。我们将特别关注纳米级诊断和成像技术的发展。文中介绍了使用纳米颗粒和纳米材料作为脱氧核糖核酸和蛋白质的生物检测剂。此外，纳米线、纳米管和纳米悬臂梁等纳米器件可与纳米阵列和纳米流体学相结合，创建集成化、自动化的纳米检测平台。还讨论了基于量子点和磁性纳米颗粒的分子成像方式。这项技术已扩展到颅内肿瘤的成像。这些学科的进一步创新将为成熟的纳米医学发展奠定基础。本系列的最后一篇文章将聚焦于纳米医学的其他进展，即纳米治疗和纳米手术，并将涵盖那些将最终促成纳米神经外科实现的创新。
