Leary Scott P, Liu Charles Y, Apuzzo Michael L J
Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Neurosurgery. 2006 Jun;58(6):1009-26; discussion 1009-26. doi: 10.1227/01.NEU.0000217016.79256.16.
The notion of nanotechnology has evolved since its inception as a fantastic conceptual idea to its current position as a mainstream research initiative with broad applications among all divisions of science. In the first part of this series, we reviewed the structures and principles that comprise the main body of knowledge of nanoscience and nanotechnology. In the second part, we discussed applications of nanotechnology to the emerging field of nanomedicine, with specific attention on medical diagnostics and imaging. This article further explores the applications of nanotechnology to nanomedicine. Specific attention is given to developments in therapeutic modalities, including advanced drug delivery systems and targeted nanotherapy, which will form the basis for the treatment arm of mature nanomedicine. A variety of modalities are discussed, including polymeric nanoparticles, micelles, liposomes, dendrimers, fullerenes, hydrogels, nanoshells, and smart surfaces. Applications of nanotechnology to nanosurgery and nanoneurosurgery are presented. Femtosecond laser systems, nanoneedles, and nanotweezers are presented as technologies that are operational at the nanoscale level and have the potential to revolutionize the practice of neurosurgery in a profound and momentous way.
自纳米技术最初作为一个奇妙的概念诞生以来，它已发展到如今在科学各领域广泛应用的主流研究项目的地位。在本系列文章的第一部分，我们回顾了构成纳米科学与纳米技术知识主体的结构和原理。在第二部分，我们讨论了纳米技术在新兴的纳米医学领域的应用，特别关注了医学诊断和成像。本文将进一步探讨纳米技术在纳米医学中的应用。我们将特别关注治疗方式的发展，包括先进的药物递送系统和靶向纳米疗法，这些将构成成熟纳米医学治疗手段的基础。文中讨论了多种形式，包括聚合物纳米颗粒、胶束、脂质体、树枝状大分子、富勒烯、水凝胶、纳米壳和智能表面。还介绍了纳米技术在纳米手术和纳米神经外科中的应用。飞秒激光系统、纳米针和纳米镊子作为在纳米尺度上操作的技术被提及，它们有可能以深远而重大的方式彻底改变神经外科的实践。
