Bröder Arndt, Noethen Daniela, Schütz Julia, Bay Patrick
Department of Psychology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Psychol Res. 2007 Sep;71(5):524-38. doi: 10.1007/s00426-006-0047-5. Epub 2006 Apr 26.
In three experiments, a "hidden covariation" (Lewicki, in Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 12, 135-146, 1986) of nonsalient stimulus attributes and the source of stimulus information was established to test whether implicit knowledge about this correlation influences source memory judgments. The source monitoring framework (Johnson, Hashtroudi, and Lindsay, in Psychological Bulletin, 114, 3-28, 1993) postulates heuristic and strategic judgment processes in source attributions. A multinomial model analysis disentangled memory and guessing processes. While there were large strategic guessing biases involving explicit knowledge in all experiments, there was no evidence for the use of implicit covariation knowledge. Only participants who were later able to verbalize the covariation had shown corresponding biases during the source memory test, suggesting that implicit covariation knowledge plays no prominent role in the reconstruction processes in source monitoring.
在三项实验中，建立了非显著刺激属性与刺激信息来源之间的“隐藏协变”（莱维茨基，《实验心理学杂志：学习、记忆与认知》，第12卷，第135 - 146页，1986年），以测试关于这种相关性的内隐知识是否会影响来源记忆判断。来源监测框架（约翰逊、哈什特鲁迪和林赛，《心理学公报》，第114卷，第3 - 28页，1993年）假定了来源归因中的启发式和策略性判断过程。多项模型分析区分了记忆和猜测过程。虽然在所有实验中都存在涉及明确知识的巨大策略性猜测偏差，但没有证据表明使用了内隐协变知识。只有后来能够说出协变关系的参与者在来源记忆测试中表现出了相应的偏差，这表明内隐协变知识在来源监测的重构过程中没有起到显著作用。
