Dostál M, Milcová A, Binková B, Nozicka J, Kotĕsovec F, Topinka J, Srám R J
Ustav experimentální medicíny AV CR a Zdravotní ustav Stredoceského kraje, Praha.
Cas Lek Cesk. 2006;145(4):313-8; discussion 319-21.
During studies on the health of children aged 3 or 4.5 years in Teplice and Prachatice districts of the Czech Republic, we focused also on the extent of smoking in the families and exposure of children to environmental tobacco smoke.
In 1128 questionnaires administered to mothers of children born in 1994-1998, 35.6% of mothers indicated that they smoked and 48.9% of fathers/partners (N = 1075) were smokers. Including other family members, there were 41.6% families without any smoker, 30.1% of families with one smoker and 24% families with two smokers (out of 1061 households). Urine samples of 523 pairs of mothers and children (aged 4.5 years) were assayed for cotinine using a RIA radioimmunoassay. Concentration of cotinine was higher than 500 ng cotinine/mg creatinine (the cut-off value for smoking) in 199 of 523 mothers (38%). Exposure of children to environmental tobacco smoke (cotinine levels over 20ng/mg creatinine) was detected in 48.2% of 523 children. There were more children with cotinine levels over 20 ng in Teplice (59.2% of 287 children) than in Prachatice district (34.7% of 236 children).
Cotinine levels in child's urine were significantly positively associated with maternal cotinine levels as well as with smoking of mother and father, and were lower in children visiting kindergarten.
在对捷克共和国泰普利采和普拉哈蒂采地区3岁或4.5岁儿童的健康状况进行研究时，我们还关注了家庭中的吸烟情况以及儿童接触环境烟草烟雾的情况。
在对1994 - 1998年出生儿童的母亲进行的1128份问卷调查中，35.6%的母亲表示她们吸烟，48.9%的父亲/伴侣（N = 1075）是吸烟者。包括其他家庭成员在内，在1061户家庭中，41.6%的家庭没有吸烟者，30.1%的家庭有一名吸烟者，24%的家庭有两名吸烟者。使用放射免疫分析法（RIA）对523对母婴（4.5岁）的尿液样本进行可替宁检测。523名母亲中有199名（38%）的可替宁浓度高于500 ng可替宁/毫克肌酐（吸烟的临界值）。在523名儿童中，有48.2%的儿童检测出接触环境烟草烟雾（可替宁水平超过20 ng/毫克肌酐）。泰普利采地区可替宁水平超过20 ng的儿童（287名儿童中的59.2%）比普拉哈蒂采地区（236名儿童中的34.7%）更多。
儿童尿液中的可替宁水平与母亲的可替宁水平以及父母的吸烟情况显著正相关，且在幼儿园就读的儿童中该水平较低。
