Marchevsky Alberto M
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA.
Semin Diagn Pathol. 2005 May;22(2):105-15. doi: 10.1053/j.semdp.2006.01.002.
Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is a school of thought that has spread rapidly through medicine in the past 2 decades and is eliciting an increasing interest in Anatomic Pathology and Laboratory Medicine. It has been defined as "the conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients." The environmental factors that created a need for EBM and basic concepts of this discipline are reviewed. Methods for the accrual and critical appraisal of the validity of available evidence and its impact, applicability and usefulness in pathology practice are discussed. Basic concepts of bayesian data analysis with an emphasis on concepts such as prior and posterior probability and the use of "holdout" or "test" data are introduced. The future of EBM in pathology is discussed and potential applications of these concepts to pathology practice and research are proposed.
循证医学（EBM）是一种在过去20年中迅速在医学领域传播的思想流派，并且在解剖病理学和检验医学中引起了越来越多的关注。它被定义为“在对个体患者的护理决策中，审慎、明确且明智地使用当前最佳证据”。本文回顾了促使循证医学产生的环境因素以及该学科的基本概念。讨论了获取和批判性评估现有证据有效性的方法，以及其在病理学实践中的影响、适用性和实用性。介绍了贝叶斯数据分析的基本概念，重点强调了先验概率和后验概率等概念以及“保留”或“测试”数据的使用。探讨了循证医学在病理学中的未来，并提出了这些概念在病理学实践和研究中的潜在应用。
