Watorek Ewa, Klinger Marian
Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Wrocław Medical University, Romualda Traugutta 57/59, 50-417, Wrocław, Poland.
Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 2006 Jan-Feb;54(1):45-50. doi: 10.1007/s00005-006-0004-4. Epub 2006 Feb 13.
Stem cell biology is currently developing rapidly because of the potential therapeutic utility of stem cells. The ability to acquire any desired phenotype raises hope for regenerative therapies. Manipulation of these cells is a potentially valuable tool; however, the mechanisms of stem cell differentiation and plasticity are currently beyond our control. In the field of nephrology, the presence of adult kidney stem cells has been debated. Renal adult stem cells may be descendants of some early kidney progenitors, or may be derived from bone marrow. Evidence of a hematopoietic stem-cell contribution to renal repair encourages the possibility of bone marrow or stem cell transplantation as a means of treating autoimmune glomerulopathies. The transplantation of fetal kidney tissue containing renal progenitors, which then develop into functional nephrons, is a step towards renal regeneration. According to recent reports, the development of functional nephrons from human mesenchymal stem cells in rodent whole-embryo culture is possible. Establishing in vitro self organs from autologous stem cells would be a promising therapeutic solution in light of the shortage of allogenic organs and the unresolved problem of chronic allograft rejection.
由于干细胞具有潜在的治疗用途，干细胞生物学目前正在迅速发展。获得任何所需表型的能力为再生疗法带来了希望。对这些细胞的操控是一种潜在的有价值工具；然而，目前我们还无法控制干细胞分化和可塑性的机制。在肾脏病学领域，成体肾干细胞的存在一直存在争议。肾成体干细胞可能是一些早期肾祖细胞的后代，也可能来源于骨髓。造血干细胞对肾脏修复有贡献的证据，为骨髓或干细胞移植作为治疗自身免疫性肾小球病的一种手段带来了可能性。移植含有肾祖细胞的胎儿肾脏组织，这些肾祖细胞随后发育成功能性肾单位，是迈向肾脏再生的一步。根据最近的报道，在啮齿动物全胚胎培养中，人骨髓间充质干细胞有可能发育成功能性肾单位。鉴于同种异体器官短缺以及慢性同种异体移植排斥这一未解决的问题，利用自体干细胞建立体外自体器官将是一种很有前景的治疗方案。
