Vigneau Cecile, Zheng Feng, Polgar Katalin, Wilson Patricia D, Striker Gary
Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA.
Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2006 May;15(3):238-44. doi: 10.1097/01.mnh.0000222689.76841.db.
The most commonly used therapies in nephrology target the reduction of acute injury, reduction of the rate of progression, or renal replacement therapy. The purpose of this review is to examine new evidence that renal progenitors can be used for therapeutic purposes. Stem cells possess two characteristics, self-renewal and the capacity for multilineage differentiation. They are typically classified as derived from embryos or from the adult.
New studies on embryonic stem cells show that they can be use to enrich for specific renal progenitors, which integrate into mature structures. Studies on adult stem cells show that almost all kidney cell types can be renewed by adult stem cells originating in bone marrow. Moreover, some animal studies demonstrate that a phenotype such as the aging and diabetic phenotype can be transferred from progenitors residing in the bone marrow, suggesting that the bone marrow contains renal progenitors that may be useful for therapeutic purposes.
Stem cell therapy opens the door to regenerative nephrology. Embryonic stem cells are a useful tool to determine the pathways to convert a pluripotent stem cell into renal progenitors. Adult stem cells in the bone marrow or in a specific kidney niche may provide a source of stem cells with a therapeutic potential.
肾脏病学中最常用的治疗方法旨在减轻急性损伤、降低疾病进展速度或进行肾脏替代治疗。本综述的目的是研究肾祖细胞可用于治疗目的的新证据。干细胞具有自我更新和多向分化的能力这两个特征。它们通常分为胚胎来源或成体来源。
关于胚胎干细胞的新研究表明，它们可用于富集特定的肾祖细胞，这些肾祖细胞可整合到成熟结构中。对成体干细胞的研究表明，几乎所有肾细胞类型都可由源自骨髓的成体干细胞更新。此外，一些动物研究表明，诸如衰老和糖尿病等表型可从骨髓中的祖细胞传递而来，这表明骨髓中含有可能对治疗有用的肾祖细胞。
干细胞治疗为再生肾脏病学打开了大门。胚胎干细胞是确定将多能干细胞转化为肾祖细胞途径的有用工具。骨髓或特定肾脏微环境中的成体干细胞可能提供具有治疗潜力的干细胞来源。
