1,25(OH)2D3 receptor regulation and 1,25(OH)2D3 effects in primary cultures of growth cartilage cells of the rat.

Vitamin D deficiency leads to disturbed calcification of growth cartilage and enlargement of growth plate, illustrating that chondrocytes are a target for vitamin D. This observation prompted an investigation of 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor expression and action of vitamin D metabolites on chondrocyte proliferation. In primary cultures of tibial growth cartilage of male SD rats (80 g), specific binding of [3H]-1,25(OH)2D3 is noted in both the logarithmic growth phase and at confluence (Nmax 12780 molecules/cell versus 4368 molecules/cell). Scatchard analysis revealed the presence of a single class of noninteracting binding sites. KD was 10(-11) M irrespective of growth phase. The binding macromolecule had a sedimentation coefficient of 3.5 S. Interaction with DNA was demonstrated by DNA cellulose affinity chromatography. In immunohistology, growth cartilage cells (rabbit tibia) expressed nuclear 1,25(OH)2D3 receptors most prominently in the proliferative and hypertrophic zone. This corresponds to binding data which showed highest Nmax in the proliferating cartilage. 1,25(OH)2D3 in the presence of delipidated fetal calf serum (FCS) had a biphasic effect on cell proliferation and density, i.e., stimulation at 10(-12) M and dose-dependent inhibition at 10(-10) M and below. Inhibition was specific and not seen with 24,25(OH)2D3 or dexamethasone. Growth phase-dependent 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor expression and effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on chondrocyte proliferation point to a role of vitamin D in the homeostasis of growth cartilage.