Walter Andrew J
Division of Urogynecology, TPMG-Sacramento, 1650 Response Road, Sacramento, CA 95815, USA.
Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2006 Jun;33(2):233-6, vii. doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2006.01.003.
Traditionally, surgery has been taught by an apprentice model, where the learner imitates the actions of a skilled mentor. Although effective, this model is inefficient because it requires learners to be exposed to a large number of surgeries performed by a limited number of dedicated teaching faculty. In addition, competence is proved with subjective evaluations. Because of changes in modern medical practice, specifically reimbursement issues, resident work hour restrictions, and need for reliable and valid credentials, the critical components of the apprentice model are eroding. A paradigm shift is needed in modern surgical education.
传统上，外科学是通过学徒模式进行教学的，即学习者模仿熟练导师的操作。尽管这种模式有效，但效率低下，因为它要求学习者接触由有限数量的专业教师进行的大量手术。此外，能力是通过主观评估来证明的。由于现代医疗实践的变化，特别是报销问题、住院医师工作时间限制以及对可靠和有效的资质的需求，学徒模式的关键要素正在受到侵蚀。现代外科教育需要范式转变。
