Smillie R M, Nott R
Plant Physiology Unit, CSIRO Division of Food Research and School of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, P.O. Box 52, North Ryde 2113, Sydney, Australia.
Plant Physiol. 1979 May;63(5):796-801. doi: 10.1104/pp.63.5.796.
Tomato leaves were detached and stored at 0 C for various periods of time. Chloroplasts were isolated from the leaves and their photoreductive activities were determined. Comparisons were made between two altitudinal forms of the wild tomato Lycopersicon hirsutum Humb. and Bonpl. (a tropical lowlands form and a highlands form adapted to growth at 3,100 meters), and two cultivars of the domestic tomato L. esculentum Mill. In each case the capacity of the isolated chloroplasts to photoreduce ferricyanide declined linearly with time of storage of the leaves at 0 C, but not at 10 C. This injury developed more slowly in the high altitudinal form of the wild tomato compared with the low altitudinal form and the two domestic cultivars indicating an enhanced resistance toward chilling injury in the tomato from 3,100 meters. Chloroplast activity declined in green tomato fruit held at 0 C, at about the same rate as in the chilled leaves.Measurements of photochemical activities in the isolated chloroplasts and in vivo measurements of cytochrome-554 photooxidation in chilled leaves showed that the site of action of the chilling effect was water donation to photosystem II.The chilling-induced impairment of photoreductive activity in chloroplasts provides a useful assay for detecting and measuring differences in the susceptibility of plants to chilling injury.
将番茄叶片摘下，在0℃下储存不同时间。从叶片中分离出叶绿体，并测定其光还原活性。对野生番茄多毛番茄（Lycopersicon hirsutum Humb. and Bonpl.）的两种海拔形态（一种热带低地形态和一种适应在3100米生长的高地形态）以及栽培番茄普通番茄（L. esculentum Mill.）的两个品种进行了比较。在每种情况下，分离的叶绿体光还原铁氰化物的能力随叶片在0℃下储存时间呈线性下降，但在10℃下则不会。与低海拔形态和两个栽培品种相比，野生番茄高海拔形态的这种损伤发展得更慢，这表明生长在3100米处的番茄对冷害的抗性增强。在0℃下保存的绿色番茄果实中，叶绿体活性下降，下降速度与冷藏叶片大致相同。对分离叶绿体中的光化学活性以及冷藏叶片中细胞色素-554光氧化的体内测量表明，冷害作用的部位是向光系统II供体水。叶绿体中冷害诱导的光还原活性损伤为检测和测量植物对冷害敏感性的差异提供了一种有用的分析方法。
