Duke S H, Kakefuda G
Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706.
Plant Physiol. 1981 Mar;67(3):449-56. doi: 10.1104/pp.67.3.449.
Studies with the seeds of soybean, navy bean, pea, and peanut were made to determine the extent of leakage of intracellular enzymes during imbition. Embryos with intact testae from all four species were found to leak detectable activities of either intracellular enzymes of the cytosol (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) or enzymes found in both the cytosol and organelles (malate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, and NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase) after 6 hours imbition at 25 C. Pea and peanut embryos with testae leaked considerably lower levels of activity for these enzymes than did those of soybean and bean. Leakage of mitochondrial marker enzymes (fumarase, cytochrome c oxidase, and adenylate kinase) was not detected from embryos with testae, suggesting that a differential diffusion of intracellular components out of cells occurred. Soybean and bean embryos without testae leaked high, and proportionally (per cent dry seed basis) similar, levels of all cytosol, cytosol-organelle, and mitochondrial marker enzymes and protein during imbibition, indicating that cell membranes were not differential to leakage and that they had ruptured. Pea and peanut embryos without testae leaked detectable activities of all cytosol and cytosol-organelle enzymes, although fumarase was the only detectable mitochondrial marker enzyme leaked, suggesting that some degree of differential leakage may have occurred in these species. The outermost layers of embryo cells of seeds without testae of all four species absorbed and sequestered the nonpermeating pigment Evan's blue after 5 to 15 minutes imbibition, indicating that membranes had ruptured. This occurred to a much lesser extent in seeds with intact testae. Both soybean and bean embryos without testae were observed to disintegrate during imbibition, whereas those of pea and peanut did not. These data indicate that seeds of certain legumes are susceptible to cellular rupture during imbibition when seed coats are damaged or missing.
对大豆、菜豆、豌豆和花生种子进行了研究，以确定吸胀过程中细胞内酶的泄漏程度。发现在25℃下吸胀6小时后，来自所有四个物种的具有完整种皮的胚会泄漏可检测到的胞质溶胶细胞内酶（葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶）或胞质溶胶和细胞器中都存在的酶（苹果酸脱氢酶、谷氨酸脱氢酶、谷氨酸草酰乙酸转氨酶和NADP-异柠檬酸脱氢酶）的活性。具有种皮的豌豆和花生胚泄漏的这些酶的活性水平明显低于大豆和菜豆。未检测到具有种皮的胚泄漏线粒体标记酶（延胡索酸酶、细胞色素c氧化酶和腺苷酸激酶），这表明细胞内成分从细胞中发生了差异扩散。吸胀期间，没有种皮的大豆和菜豆胚泄漏出高且成比例（基于干种子百分比）相似水平的所有胞质溶胶、胞质溶胶-细胞器和线粒体标记酶及蛋白质，这表明细胞膜对泄漏没有差异，并且已经破裂。没有种皮的豌豆和花生胚泄漏出所有胞质溶胶和胞质溶胶-细胞器酶的可检测活性，尽管延胡索酸酶是唯一泄漏的可检测线粒体标记酶，这表明这些物种可能发生了一定程度的差异泄漏。所有四个物种没有种皮的种子的胚细胞最外层在吸胀5至15分钟后吸收并隔离了非渗透性色素伊文思蓝，这表明膜已经破裂。在具有完整种皮的种子中，这种情况发生的程度要小得多。观察到没有种皮的大豆和菜豆胚在吸胀过程中解体，而豌豆和花生的胚则没有。这些数据表明，当种皮受损或缺失时，某些豆科植物的种子在吸胀过程中易发生细胞破裂。
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