Olszyk D M, Tingey D T
Statewide Air Pollution Research Center, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521.
Plant Physiol. 1985 Apr;77(4):935-9. doi: 10.1104/pp.77.4.935.
Pisum sativum L. cv Alsweet (garden pea) and Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. flacca (mutant tomato) were chosen to evaluate the metabolic basis for plant injury from combinations of O(3) + SO(2). The plants were exposed under conditions reported to specifically alter O(3) or SO(2) toxicity; light versus dark exposures, and treatment with the fungal metabolite fusicoccin (FC), the O(3) injury inhibitor N-[2-(2-oxo-1-imidazolidiny) ethyl]-N'-phenylurea (EDU), and the SO(2) injury stimulator diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC). Plants were grown in controlled environment chambers and exposed to combinations of O(3) (0.05-0.2 microliters per liter) and SO(2) (0.1-0.3 microliters per liter) for 2 hours. Peas treated with FC had the same or greater injury (quantified by visual rating) with O(3) + SO(2) exposures compared to plants not treated with FC. For plants with open stomata in the dark as well as light, i.e. FC-treated peas and tomatoes, there was no change or an increase in foliar necrosis with O(3) + SO(2) exposures in the dark versus light. Peas treated with EDU had an almost complete absence of O(3) injury, no change in SO(2) injury, and moderate decreases in injury from combinations of O(3) + SO(2) compared to plants not treated with EDU. Tomatoes treated with DDTC showed the same or less injury compared to plants not treated with DDTC and exposed to O(3) or SO(2). The plant responses to the experimental treatments and O(3) + SO(2) resembled O(3) responses more than SO(2) responses. The evidence for O(3)-like responses are: no change or increase in injury in the light versus dark, and EDU-induced decreases in injury. Evidences for SO(2)-like responses are: incomplete protection from injury with EDU, and no change or increased injury to FC-treated versus untreated plants. Thus, a metabolic mechanism affected by both pollutants may be associated with the combination injury, e.g. effects the plasma membrane.
选用豌豆（Pisum sativum L. cv Alsweet）和番茄（Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. flacca，突变型番茄）来评估O₃ + SO₂组合对植物造成伤害的代谢基础。在据报道能特异性改变O₃或SO₂毒性的条件下对植物进行处理；光照与黑暗处理，以及用真菌代谢物壳梭孢菌素（FC）、O₃伤害抑制剂N-[2-(2-氧代-1-咪唑烷基)乙基]-N'-苯基脲（EDU）和SO₂伤害刺激剂二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸盐（DDTC）处理。植物在可控环境舱中生长，并暴露于O₃（0.05 - 0.2微升/升）和SO₂（0.1 - 0.3微升/升）的组合环境中2小时。与未用FC处理的植物相比，用FC处理的豌豆在O₃ + SO₂暴露下有相同或更大的伤害（通过视觉评级量化）。对于在黑暗和光照下气孔开放的植物，即经FC处理的豌豆和番茄，黑暗与光照下O₃ + SO₂暴露导致的叶坏死没有变化或增加。与未用EDU处理的植物相比，用EDU处理的豌豆几乎完全没有O₃伤害，SO₂伤害没有变化，且O₃ + SO₂组合造成的伤害适度降低。与未用DDTC处理且暴露于O₃或SO₂的植物相比，用DDTC处理的番茄表现出相同或更小的伤害。植物对实验处理和O₃ + SO₂的反应更类似于O₃反应而非SO₂反应。类似O₃反应的证据有：光照与黑暗下伤害没有变化或增加，以及EDU诱导的伤害降低。类似SO₂反应的证据有：EDU对伤害的不完全保护，以及经FC处理与未处理的植物相比伤害没有变化或增加。因此，受两种污染物影响的代谢机制可能与组合伤害有关，例如对质膜的影响。
