Temperature and leaf osmotic potential as factors in the acclimation of photosynthesis to high temperature in desert plants.

Seasonal changes in the high temperature limit for photosynthesis of desert winter annuals growing under natural conditions in Death Valley, California were studied using an assay based upon chlorophyll fluorescence. All species of this group were 6 to 9 degrees C more tolerant of high temperature at the end of the growing season (May) than at its beginning (February). Over this same time period, the mean daily maximum air temperatures increased by 12 degrees C. Laboratory studies have demonstrated that increases in thermal tolerance could be induced by increasing growth temperature alone. For plants growing under field conditions there was also a good correlation between the thermal tolerance of leaves and the osmotic potential of leaf water, indicating that increases in the concentrations of some small molecules might also confer increased thermal tolerance. Isolated chloroplast thylakoids subjected to increasing concentrations of sorbitol could be demonstrated to have increased thermal tolerance.