Edelblum Karen L, Yan Fang, Yamaoka Toshimitsu, Polk D Brent
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0696, USA.
Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2006 May;12(5):413-24. doi: 10.1097/01.MIB.0000217334.30689.3e.
A single epithelial layer serves as the interface between the organism and the contents of the gastrointestinal tract, underlining the importance of regulating cellular viability despite an onslaught of pathogens, toxins, waste by-products, and cytokines. A balance between cellular proliferation and apoptosis is necessary to maintain this critical barrier. Recent findings have begun to explain the mechanisms by which intestinal epithelial cells are able to survive in such an environment and how loss of normal regulatory processes may lead to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and predispose to inflammation-associated neoplasia. This review focuses on the regulation of physiological apoptosis in development and homeostasis and on pathological apoptosis in intestinal disease, inflammation, and neoplasia, identifying remaining questions and areas of needed investigation.
单层上皮细胞构成了机体与胃肠道内容物之间的界面，这凸显了尽管面临病原体、毒素、代谢废物和细胞因子的侵袭，但仍需调节细胞活力的重要性。细胞增殖与凋亡之间的平衡对于维持这一关键屏障至关重要。最近的研究结果已开始解释肠道上皮细胞在这样的环境中得以存活的机制，以及正常调节过程的丧失如何导致炎症性肠病（IBD）并易引发炎症相关的肿瘤形成。本综述聚焦于发育和稳态过程中生理性凋亡的调节以及肠道疾病、炎症和肿瘤形成过程中的病理性凋亡，识别尚存的问题和需要研究的领域。
