Bennett Alison E, Alers-Garcia Janice, Bever James D
Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA.
Am Nat. 2006 Feb;167(2):141-52. doi: 10.1086/499379. Epub 2005 Dec 19.
A number of studies have shown that an association with mycorrhizal fungi can alter the outcome of interactions between plants and their enemies. While the directions of these effects vary, their strength suggests the need for greater attention to multispecies interactions among plant enemies, plants, and mycorrhizal fungi. We recognize that mycorrhizal fungi could effect plant enemies by improving plant nutrition, modifying plant tolerance, or modifying plant defenses. In addition, mycorrhizal fungi could directly interfere with pathogen infection, herbivory, or parasitism by occupying root space. We formalize these alternative outcomes of multispecies interactions and explore the long-term dynamics of the plant-enemy interactions based on these different scenarios using a general model of interactions between plants and plant enemies. We then review the literature in terms of the assumptions of the alternative mechanisms and the predictions of these models. Through this effort, we identify new directions in the study of tritrophic interactions between enemies, plants, and soil mutualists.
多项研究表明，与菌根真菌的关联能够改变植物与其敌人之间相互作用的结果。尽管这些影响的方向各不相同，但其强度表明有必要更加关注植物敌人、植物和菌根真菌之间的多物种相互作用。我们认识到，菌根真菌可能通过改善植物营养、改变植物耐受性或改变植物防御来影响植物敌人。此外，菌根真菌可能通过占据根际空间直接干扰病原体感染、食草作用或寄生作用。我们将这些多物种相互作用的不同结果形式化，并使用植物与植物敌人之间相互作用的通用模型，基于这些不同情景探索植物 - 敌人相互作用的长期动态。然后，我们根据替代机制的假设和这些模型的预测来回顾文献。通过这项工作，我们确定了敌人、植物和土壤共生体之间三营养相互作用研究的新方向。
