Hendry A P, Kelly M L, Kinnison M T, Reznick D N
Redpath Museum and Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada.
J Evol Biol. 2006 May;19(3):741-54. doi: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2005.01061.x.
Environmental gradients often lead to the parallel evolution of populations and species. To what extent do such gradients also lead to parallel evolution of the sexes? We used guppies (Poecilia reticulata) to examine the parallel and independent (sex-specific) aspects of population divergence in response to predation and habitat features. Geometric morphometrics was used to analyse size and shape variation for 1335 guppies from 27 to 31 sites sampled in each of 2 years. Body size showed strong parallel population divergence; both sexes were larger at sites with a more open canopy and with higher flow. Body shape showed a mixture of parallel and independent population divergence. The strongest and most consistent effects were (1) high-predation sites had males with smaller heads and deeper caudal peduncles, (2) open-canopy sites had females with smaller heads and more distended abdomens and (3) high-flow sites had males and females with smaller heads and deeper caudal peduncles.
环境梯度常常导致种群和物种的平行进化。那么，这样的梯度在多大程度上也会导致两性的平行进化呢？我们利用孔雀鱼（孔雀花鳉）来研究种群分化在响应捕食和栖息地特征时的平行和独立（性别特异性）方面。我们使用几何形态测量学分析了在两年中每年从27至31个地点采集的1335条孔雀鱼的大小和形状变化。体型显示出强烈的平行种群分化；在树冠更开阔、水流更快的地点，两性的体型都更大。身体形状显示出平行和独立种群分化的混合情况。最强烈且最一致的影响是：（1）高捕食压力地点的雄性头部较小，尾柄较深；（2）树冠开阔地点的雌性头部较小，腹部更膨大；（3）水流湍急地点的雄性和雌性头部较小，尾柄较深。
