Scholzová Eva, Malík Radek, Sevcík Jan, Kleibl Zdenek
First Medical Faculty, Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, Charles University, U Nemocnice 5, 128 53 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
Cancer Lett. 2007 Feb 8;246(1-2):12-23. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2006.03.021. Epub 2006 May 3.
Cancer is viewed as a genetic disease. According to the currently accepted model of carcinogenesis, several consequential mutations in oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes are necessary for cancer development. In this model, mutated DNA sequence is transcribed to mRNA that is finally translated into functionally aberrant protein. mRNA is viewed solely as an intermediate between DNA (with 'coding' potential) and protein (with 'executive' function). However, recent findings suggest that (m)RNA is actively regulated by a variety of processes including nonsense-mediated decay, alternative splicing, RNA editing or RNA interference. Moreover, RNA molecules can regulate a variety of cellular functions through interactions with RNA, DNA as well as protein molecules. Although, the precise contribution of RNA molecules by themselves and RNA-regulated processes on cancer development is currently unknown, recent data suggest their important role in carcinogenesis. Here, we summarize recent knowledge on RNA-related processes and discuss their potential role in cancer development.
癌症被视为一种基因疾病。根据目前被广泛接受的致癌模型，癌基因或肿瘤抑制基因中的多个连续性突变是癌症发生发展所必需的。在这个模型中，突变的DNA序列转录为mRNA，最终翻译为功能异常的蛋白质。mRNA仅仅被看作是DNA（具有“编码”潜能）和蛋白质（具有“执行”功能）之间的中间体。然而，最近的研究发现表明，（m）RNA受到包括无义介导的衰变、可变剪接、RNA编辑或RNA干扰等多种过程的积极调控。此外，RNA分子可以通过与RNA、DNA以及蛋白质分子的相互作用来调控多种细胞功能。尽管目前尚不清楚RNA分子本身以及RNA调控过程对癌症发生发展的确切作用，但最近的数据表明它们在致癌过程中发挥着重要作用。在此，我们总结了关于RNA相关过程的最新知识，并讨论它们在癌症发生发展中的潜在作用。
