Discigil Guzel, Gemalmaz Ayfer, Tekin Nil, Basak Okay
Adnan Menderes University, Medical Faculty, Department of Family Medicine, Aydin, Turkey.
Maturitas. 2006 Oct 20;55(3):247-54. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2006.03.006. Epub 2006 May 3.
The aim of this study was to evaluate age at menopause, climacteric symptoms and related factors in women living in west Anatolian rural region of Turkey.
This study included 761 menopausal women living in three rural towns. Questionnaires regarding to 10 climacteric symptoms, menopausal status, sociodemographic characteristics, parity, breastfeeding, presence of chronic illness, direct sun exposure, smoking, caffeine use and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) were filled out by face-to-face interview. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess confounding factors on the age of menopause and menopausal status.
Mean age at menopause was 44.38+/-5.30 years. Breastfeeding more than one year, low level of direct sun exposure and mother's early age at menopause were associated with early onset of menopause. The most prevalent climacteric symptoms were urine leakage, decreased libido, lack of energy and poor memory in post-menopausal and hot flushes in peri-menopausal women. Somatic and psychological symptoms were associated with hot flushes. HRT and osteoporosis treatment usage were higher in surgical menopause group. Osteoporosis and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DT) were more common in natural menopause group. No association was found with onset of menopause and smoking, excess caffeine use, BMI, marital status and presence of chronic illness. Cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension (HT), diabetes and obesity were common in post-menopausal women.
Onset of menopause in Turkish women living in rural region is earlier on average women living in western or industrialized countries. Hot flushes in peri-menopausal, and urogenital, and psychological in post-menopausal women are the most prevalent symptoms. Primary care services in rural districts should focus on cardiovascular risks of menopausal women.
本研究旨在评估居住在土耳其安纳托利亚西部农村地区女性的绝经年龄、更年期症状及相关因素。
本研究纳入了居住在三个农村城镇的761名绝经后女性。通过面对面访谈填写了关于10种更年期症状、绝经状态、社会人口学特征、产次、母乳喂养、慢性病状况、直接日晒、吸烟、咖啡因摄入及激素替代疗法（HRT）的问卷。采用逻辑回归分析评估绝经年龄和绝经状态的混杂因素。
平均绝经年龄为44.38±5.30岁。母乳喂养超过一年、直接日晒水平低以及母亲绝经年龄早与绝经早发相关。最常见的更年期症状是绝经后女性的尿失禁、性欲减退、精力不足和记忆力差，以及围绝经期女性的潮热。躯体和心理症状与潮热相关。手术绝经组中HRT和骨质疏松症治疗的使用率更高。骨质疏松症和2型糖尿病（DT）在自然绝经组中更常见。未发现绝经与吸烟、过量咖啡因摄入、体重指数、婚姻状况和慢性病之间存在关联。绝经后女性中高血压（HT）、糖尿病和肥胖等心血管危险因素较为常见。
居住在农村地区的土耳其女性的绝经平均年龄早于居住在西方或工业化国家的女性。围绝经期的潮热以及绝经后女性的泌尿生殖和心理症状是最常见的症状。农村地区的初级保健服务应关注绝经后女性的心血管风险。
