Ward Alan C, Bora Nagamani
School of Biology and Psychology, Division of Biology, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
Curr Opin Microbiol. 2006 Jun;9(3):279-86. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2006.04.004. Epub 2006 May 3.
The actinomycetes, although not all the Actinobacteria, are easy to isolate from the marine environment. However, their ecological role in the marine ecosystem is largely neglected and various assumptions meant there was little incentive to isolate strains for search and discovery of new drugs. However, the marine environment has become a prime resource in search and discovery for novel natural products and biological diversity, and marine actinomycetes turn out to be important contributors. Similarly, striking advances have been made in marine microbial ecology using molecular techniques and metagenomics, and actinobacteria emerge as an often significant, sometimes even dominant, environmental clade. Both approaches - cultivation methods and molecular techniques - are leading to new insights into marine actinobacterial biodiversity and biogeography. Very different views of actinobacterial diversity emerge from these, however, and the true extent and biogeography of this are still not clear. These are important for developing natural product search and discovery strategies, and biogeography is a hot topic for microbial ecologists.
放线菌，虽然并非所有的放线菌纲细菌，都很容易从海洋环境中分离出来。然而，它们在海洋生态系统中的生态作用在很大程度上被忽视了，而且各种假设意味着几乎没有动力去分离菌株以寻找和发现新药。然而，海洋环境已成为寻找和发现新型天然产物及生物多样性的主要资源，事实证明海洋放线菌是重要的贡献者。同样，利用分子技术和宏基因组学在海洋微生物生态学方面取得了显著进展，放线菌纲细菌成为一个往往很重要、有时甚至占主导地位的环境类群。培养方法和分子技术这两种方法都为深入了解海洋放线菌的生物多样性和生物地理学带来了新的见解。然而，由此产生了关于放线菌多样性的截然不同的观点，其真实范围和生物地理学情况仍不清楚。这些对于制定天然产物搜索和发现策略很重要，而且生物地理学是微生物生态学家的一个热门话题。
