Williamson Ann
NSW Injury Risk Management Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Building G2, Western Campus, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
J Sci Med Sport. 2006 Jun;9(3):243-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2006.03.023. Epub 2006 May 6.
This study examined the feasibility of a methodology for collecting information on water safety on beaches. Previous work showed that lifeguards and lifesavers were unreliable data collectors as they often did not have time to devote to it. The aim of this study was to trial a data collection using dedicated data collectors. The results showed the water safety-related items that could be consistently reported, and those items that were not. Items relating to beach conditions that could be reported were: wave type, tide times, sea conditions, rips and weather and wind conditions. Items associated with rescues that could be reported were: sex, age group, activity before rescue, who performed the rescue, water depth, safety flag location, nearest rescue and rescue equipment. Data collectors could collect some data on an hourly basis especially: exact or best estimates of beach attendance, exact or best estimates of major rescues and rescues, wind direction and first aid used. Some items could not be collected consistently and their inclusion in data collections should be reviewed. These include: exact age, suburb, indigenous status and swimming ability. While the validity of the collected information was not able to be established, the feasibility study showed which items could be practically included in a water safety data collection, but that dedicated data collectors may be needed to maintain a safety data collection on busy or dangerous beaches. This approach together with data collection by water safety professionals at less busy times would be cost-effective.
本研究考察了一种收集海滩水安全信息方法的可行性。先前的研究表明，救生员和救生员作为数据收集者并不可靠，因为他们往往没有时间投入其中。本研究的目的是试用由专门的数据收集者进行数据收集。结果显示了哪些与水安全相关的项目可以持续报告，哪些项目不能。可以报告的与海滩状况相关的项目有：波浪类型、潮汐时间、海况、离岸流以及天气和风力状况。可以报告的与救援相关的项目有：性别、年龄组、救援前的活动、实施救援者、水深、安全旗位置、最近的救援地点以及救援设备。数据收集者可以每小时收集一些数据，特别是：海滩游客人数的确切或最佳估计值、重大救援和救援行动的确切或最佳估计值、风向以及使用的急救情况。一些项目无法持续收集，应重新审视其是否纳入数据收集。这些项目包括：确切年龄、郊区、原住民身份以及游泳能力。虽然无法确定所收集信息的有效性，但可行性研究表明了哪些项目可以实际纳入水安全数据收集，但在繁忙或危险的海滩可能需要专门的数据收集者来维持安全数据收集。这种方法与水安全专业人员在不太繁忙的时间进行数据收集相结合将具有成本效益。
