De Hoogh Corina J, Wagenvoort Arco J, Jonker Frank, Van Leerdam Jan A, Hogenboom Ariadne C
Department of Chemical Water Quality and Health, Kiwa Water Research, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.
Environ Sci Technol. 2006 Apr 15;40(8):2678-85. doi: 10.1021/es052035a.
Several water companies in The Netherlands use a combination of specifically targeted compound analysis (HPLC-UV and GC-MS) and effect monitoring (continuous biotests) to monitor source water quality and to screen for unknown compounds. In spring 2004, the Daphnia biomonitor at Keizersveer monitoring station alongside the River Meuse recorded several alarms. In this study, the combination of HPLC-DAD and Q-TOF MS techniques was used to identify the so-far unknown microcontaminant related to this Daphnia alarm as 3-cyclohexyl-1,1-dimethylurea. The maximum concentration of this compound in the River Meuse at the time of the alarm was estimated to be 5 microg/L. The response of the waterfleas to this compound was confirmed with a short-term and a long-term verification test. The origin of the pollutant is still unknown. This paper shows that the combined application of on-line continuous biotests and advanced chemical analysis is an effective tool for the detection and identification of unknown, potentially hazardous compounds for surface water quality monitoring. Biological effect monitoring and specific compound analysis complement each other and together provide the best possible insight in rapid surface water quality changes.
荷兰的几家自来水公司采用特定目标化合物分析（高效液相色谱-紫外检测法和气相色谱-质谱联用法）与效应监测（连续生物测试）相结合的方法，来监测原水水质并筛查未知化合物。2004年春季，默兹河河畔凯泽斯韦尔监测站的水蚤生物监测仪记录到多次警报。在本研究中，采用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测法和四极杆-飞行时间质谱联用技术，将与此次水蚤警报相关的迄今未知的微量污染物鉴定为3-环己基-1,1-二甲基脲。警报发生时，该化合物在默兹河中的最高浓度估计为5微克/升。通过短期和长期验证试验，证实了水蚤对该化合物的反应。污染物的来源仍然未知。本文表明，在线连续生物测试与先进化学分析的联合应用是地表水水质监测中检测和鉴定未知潜在有害化合物的有效工具。生物效应监测和特定化合物分析相辅相成，共同为快速了解地表水水质变化提供了尽可能全面的认识。
