Jamroz D, Wertelecki T, Houszka M, Kamel C
Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Quality, Agricultural University, Wrocław, Poland.
J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2006 Jun;90(5-6):255-68. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2005.00603.x.
Three hundred and thirty-six 1-day-old male Hubbard HI-Ye broiler hybrids, kept in battery cages, were fed with diets based on maize (groups I and II) or wheat and barley (groups III and IV) and supplemented with or without plant extract (XT* 100 mg/kg) containing 5% carvacrol, 3% cinnamaldehyde and 2% of capsicum oleoresin. The morphological and histochemical examinations were carried out on days 21 and 42 of bird's age. The middle part of glandular part of the stomach and 30 mm long segment from the central part of the small intestine (jejunum) were taken out and then prepared for morphometrical and histochemical assays. Mobilization of mucocytes in superficial epithelium of the glandular stomach and increased secretion of neutral mucopolysaccharides and small amounts of sialomucins with or without local cell disruption with releasing of large amounts of mucus were observed in both 'grain' groups of 21-day-old birds fed with extract. In some animals, particularly those fed mixtures with plant extract, the folds of the proventriculum mucosa were fused into large, unshaped structures. In groups fed with plant extract the mucus secretion intensity and accumulation inside cells of the gastrointestinal mucosa were slightly higher. Morphological changes on gastrointestinal mucosa observed in young chickens fed XT were reduced in older animals. The results of this study showed that the increased releasing of large amounts of mucus and the creation of a thick layer of mucus on glandular stomach and wall of jejunum in chickens fed diets with plant extract could suggest villi-related protective properties of the use of the carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde and capsaicin mixture. This can explain the reduced possibility of adhesion to epithelium and number of Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringes and fungi in the intestinal content of bird fed with XT supplemented diet. In morphometrical parameters of depth of jejunum crypt and height of villi, the influence of kind of grain and extract supplementation was observed in 21-day-old chickens only. The significant interaction between higher jejunum wall villi layer was observed only in chickens fed on maize diet supplemented with plant extract.
336只1日龄雄性哈伯德HI - Ye肉鸡杂交种饲养在层架式鸡笼中，分别用基于玉米的日粮（I组和II组）或小麦和大麦的日粮（III组和IV组）喂养，并添加或不添加含有5%香芹酚、3%肉桂醛和2%辣椒油树脂的植物提取物（XT* 100毫克/千克）。在鸡龄第21天和第42天进行形态学和组织化学检查。取出腺胃的中间部分和小肠（空肠）中部30毫米长的一段，然后进行形态计量学和组织化学分析。在两组21日龄喂食提取物的“谷物”组鸡中，均观察到腺胃表面上皮中黏液细胞的动员以及中性黏多糖和少量涎黏蛋白分泌增加，伴有或不伴有局部细胞破裂并释放大量黏液。在一些动物中，特别是那些喂食含植物提取物混合物的动物，腺胃黏膜皱襞融合成大的、无定形结构。在喂食植物提取物的组中，胃肠道黏膜内的黏液分泌强度和细胞内积累略高。在老年动物中，喂食XT的幼鸡胃肠道黏膜上观察到的形态学变化有所减少。本研究结果表明，喂食含植物提取物日粮的鸡，其腺胃和空肠壁上大量黏液的释放增加以及黏液厚层的形成，可能表明香芹酚、肉桂醛和辣椒素混合物具有与绒毛相关的保护特性。这可以解释喂食添加XT日粮的鸡肠道内容物中大肠杆菌、产气荚膜梭菌和真菌黏附于上皮的可能性降低以及数量减少的原因。仅在21日龄的鸡中观察到谷物种类和提取物添加对空肠隐窝深度和绒毛高度的形态计量学参数有影响。仅在喂食添加植物提取物玉米日粮的鸡中观察到较高的空肠壁绒毛层之间存在显著相互作用。
