Waliaula Paul K, Kiarie Elijah G, Diarra Moussa S
Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
Guelph Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada.
Front Vet Sci. 2024 Nov 4;11:1474549. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1474549. eCollection 2024.
Shift in laying hens housing from conventional cage-based systems to alternatives has impacted their health and performance. Microorganisms colonize young chick in the early stages of their physiological and immune development. These colonizing microbes originate from parent and the environment. is among the normal gut colonizing bacteria however, some strains known as avian pathogenic (APEC), cause local or systemic infections (colibacillosis) responsible of significant economic losses to the poultry industry. Potential APEC strains and other poultry gut microbiota are influenced by several factors such as housing system, and the use of feed additives (prebiotics, probiotics, symbiotic, among others). This review will discuss the status of pullets and layers immunity, gut health, and predisposing factors of colibacillosis. Dietary interventions and some colibacillosis mitigation strategies in pullets and laying hens are reviewed and discussed. With the development of sequencing technologies and the use of feed additives as alternatives to antibiotics, future studies need to understand some of the complex associations between the feed additives, the rearing environment, and their selective pressure on gut microbiota, including , and their impacts on immune development in pullets and hens.
蛋鸡饲养方式从传统的基于笼子的系统向其他方式转变，已经影响了它们的健康和生产性能。微生物在雏鸡生理和免疫发育的早期阶段就开始在其体内定殖。这些定殖微生物来源于亲代和环境。大肠杆菌是正常的肠道定殖细菌之一，然而，一些被称为禽致病性大肠杆菌（APEC）的菌株会引起局部或全身感染（大肠杆菌病），给家禽业造成重大经济损失。潜在的APEC菌株和其他家禽肠道微生物群受到多种因素的影响，如饲养系统以及饲料添加剂（益生元、益生菌、合生元等）的使用。本综述将讨论小母鸡和产蛋鸡的免疫状态、肠道健康以及大肠杆菌病的诱发因素。对小母鸡和产蛋鸡的饮食干预措施以及一些减轻大肠杆菌病的策略进行了综述和讨论。随着测序技术的发展以及使用饲料添加剂替代抗生素，未来的研究需要了解饲料添加剂、饲养环境及其对肠道微生物群（包括大肠杆菌）的选择压力之间的一些复杂关联，以及它们对小母鸡和母鸡免疫发育的影响。
