Ickes William, Holloway Renee, Stinson Linda L, Hoodenpyle Tiffany Graham
Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Arlington, 76019, USA.
J Pers. 2006 Jun;74(3):659-84. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2006.00388.x.
In this review, we examine the role of self-monitoring in social interaction. We first note that the presumed ease with which self-monitors adapt to new social contexts is more apparent than real, being the self-conscious outcome of (1) high self-monitors' preference for clearly defined situations, (2) their use of scripts regarding typical situations, (3) their ability to formulate effective plans of action before social encounters, and (4) their ability to use other people's behavior as a guide. We then examine the strong motive of high self-monitors to express and evoke high levels of positive affect in their interpersonal relationships. Two recent unstructured dyadic interaction studies lead us to argue that the primary concern of high self-monitors during social interaction is to regulate their own self-affect through effective impression management. In this sense, it really is the self that is closely monitored whenever self-monitoring processes influence social interaction.
在本综述中，我们考察了自我监控在社会互动中的作用。我们首先指出，自我监控者适应新社会情境的假定轻松程度更多是表面而非实际的，这是以下因素的自我意识结果：（1）高自我监控者对明确界定情境的偏好；（2）他们对典型情境的脚本运用；（3）他们在社交遭遇前制定有效行动计划的能力；（4）他们将他人行为用作指导的能力。然后，我们考察了高自我监控者在人际关系中表达和唤起高水平积极情感的强烈动机。两项近期的非结构化二元互动研究使我们认为，高自我监控者在社会互动中的主要关注点是通过有效的印象管理来调节自身的自我情感。从这个意义上说，每当自我监控过程影响社会互动时，真正受到密切监控的确实是自我。
