Leone Christopher, Hawkins LouAnne B
Department of Psychology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, 32224, USA.
J Pers. 2006 Jun;74(3):739-78. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2006.00391.x.
Three types of close relationships have received attention from theorists and researchers interested in self-monitoring: friendships, romantic relationships, and marriage. Our review of this literature was organized around three phases of relationships: initiation, maintenance, and dissolution. Across the three types of relationships, consistent differences between high self-monitors and low self-monitors emerged concerning the structure of their social relationships (segmented vs. integrated), the basis for choosing friends and romantic partners (activity-based vs. person-based), and the orientation taken to romantic and marital partners (uncommitted vs. committed). Across all three types of relationships, however, little is known about the processes and consequences involved in the dissolution of close relationships for high self-monitors and low self-monitors. Relatively little is also known about the processes used by high self-monitors and low self-monitors to maintain their friendships and marriages. In addition to addressing these deficiencies in the literature, theorists and researchers interested in self-monitoring and close relationships need to develop sophisticated, causal models that can account for (a) interaction exchanges in the relationships, (b) dyadic as well as individual levels of analysis, and (c) temporal and situational changes in the course of close relationships.
友谊、恋爱关系和婚姻。我们对这一文献的综述围绕关系的三个阶段展开：建立、维持和结束。在这三种关系类型中，高自我监控者和低自我监控者在社会关系结构（分散型与整合型）、选择朋友和恋爱伴侣的基础（基于活动型与基于个人型）以及对恋爱和婚姻伴侣的取向（无承诺型与有承诺型）方面出现了一致的差异。然而，在所有这三种关系类型中，对于高自我监控者和低自我监控者亲密关系结束所涉及的过程和后果知之甚少。对于高自我监控者和低自我监控者维持友谊和婚姻所采用的过程也了解得相对较少。除了弥补文献中的这些不足之外，对自我监控和亲密关系感兴趣的理论家和研究者还需要开发复杂的因果模型，这些模型能够解释：（a）关系中的互动交流；（b）二元以及个体层面的分析；（c）亲密关系过程中的时间和情境变化。
