Zverlov V V, Berezina O, Velikodvorskaya G A, Schwarz W H
Institute for Microbiology, Technische Universität München, Am Hochanger 4, 85350 Freising, Germany.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2006 Aug;71(5):587-97. doi: 10.1007/s00253-006-0445-z. Epub 2006 May 10.
Clostridial acetone-butanol fermentation from renewable carbohydrates used to be the largest biotechnological process second only to yeast ethanol fermentation and the largest process ever run under sterile conditions. With the rising prices for mineral oil, it has now the economical and technological potential to replace petrochemistry for the production of fuels from renewable resources. Various methods for using non-food biomass such as cellulose and hemicellulose in agricultural products and wastes have been developed at laboratory scale. To our knowledge, the AB plants in Russia were the only full-scale industrial plants which used hydrolyzates of lignocellosic waste for butanol fermentation. These plants were further developed into the 1980s, and the process was finally run in a continual mode different from plants in Western countries. A biorefinery concept for the use of all by-products has been elaborated and was partially put into practice. The experience gained in the Soviet Union forms a promising basis for the development of modern large-scale processes to replace a considerable fraction of the current chemical production of fuel for our future needs on a sustainable basis.
利用可再生碳水化合物进行的梭菌丙酮 - 丁醇发酵曾是仅次于酵母乙醇发酵的第二大生物技术过程，也是有史以来在无菌条件下运行的最大规模过程。随着矿物油价格的上涨，它目前具备从可再生资源生产燃料以取代石油化学工业的经济和技术潜力。在实验室规模上，已经开发出了各种利用非食用生物质（如农产品和废弃物中的纤维素和半纤维素）的方法。据我们所知，俄罗斯的AB工厂是唯一使用木质纤维素废弃物水解产物进行丁醇发酵的全规模工业工厂。这些工厂在20世纪80年代得到了进一步发展，其工艺最终以与西方国家工厂不同的连续模式运行。一种利用所有副产品的生物精炼概念已经形成，并部分付诸实践。苏联积累的经验为未来可持续地发展现代大规模工艺以取代当前相当一部分燃料化学品生产奠定了有前景的基础。
