DeGomez Tom E, Hayes Christopher J, Anhold John A, McMillin Joel D, Clancy Karen M, Bosu Paul P
University of Arizona, School of Natural Resources, Flagstaff 86011, USA.
J Econ Entomol. 2006 Apr;99(2):393-400. doi: 10.1603/0022-0493-99.2.393.
Insecticides that might protect pine trees from attack by engraver beetles (Ips spp.) have not been rigorously tested in the southwestern United States. We conducted two field experiments to evaluate the efficacy of several currently and potentially labeled preventative insecticides for protecting high-value ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa Dougl ex. Laws., from attack by engraver beetles. Preventative sprays (0.19% permethrin [Permethrin Plus C]; 0.03, 0.06, and 0.12% bifenthrin [Onyx]; and 1.0 and 2.0% carbaryl [Sevin SL] formulations) and systemic implants (0.875 g per capsule acephate [Acecap] and 0.650 g per capsule dinotefuran) were assessed on bolts (sections of logs) as a surrogate for live trees for a period of 13 mo posttreatment. The pine engraver, Ips pini (Say), was the most common bark beetle found attacking control and treated bolts, but sixspined ips, Ips calligraphus (Germar), and Ips lecontei Swain also were present. After approximately 13 mo posttreatment in one experiment, the spray treatments with 2.0% carbaryl, 0.19% permethrin, and 0.06 or 0.12% bifenthrin prevented Ips attack on the bolts at a protection level of > or = 70%. The acephate and dinotefuran systemic insecticides, and the 0.03% bifenthrin spray, provided inadequate (< or = 36%) protection in this experiment. For the other experiment, sprayed applications of 1.0% carbaryl, 0.19% permethrin, and 0.06% bifenthrin prevented beetle attack at protection levels of > or = 90, > or = 80, and > or = 70%, respectively, when bolts were exposed to Ips beetle attack for approximately 9-15 wk posttreatment. The sprays with 0.19% permethrin and 0.06% bifenthrin also provided > or = 90% protection when bolts were exposed for approximately 15-54 wk posttreatment. We concluded that under the conditions tested, 1.0 and 2.0% carbaryl, 0.19% permethrin, and 0.06 and 0.12% binfenthrin were acceptable preventative treatments for protecting ponderosa pine from successful engraver beetle attack for one entire flight season in the U.S. Southwest.
可能保护松树免受刻槽甲虫（Ips属）侵害的杀虫剂在美国西南部尚未经过严格测试。我们进行了两项田间试验，以评估几种当前和潜在有标签的预防性杀虫剂对保护高价值黄松（Pinus ponderosa Dougl ex. Laws.）免受刻槽甲虫侵害的效果。预防性喷雾（0.19%氯菊酯[氯菊酯加C]；0.03%、0.06%和0.12%联苯菊酯[奥克斯]；以及1.0%和2.0%西维因[西维因SL]制剂）和内吸性植入剂（每胶囊0.875克乙酰甲胺磷[乙酰甲胺磷胶囊]和每胶囊0.650克呋虫胺）在原木段上进行评估，作为活树的替代品，在处理后13个月的时间里进行观察。松树刻槽象（Ips pini (Say)）是在对照和处理过的原木段上发现的最常见的树皮甲虫，但六齿小蠹（Ips calligraphus (Germar)）和莱氏小蠹（Ips lecontei Swain）也有出现。在一项试验中，处理后约13个月，2.0%西维因、0.19%氯菊酯以及0.06%或0.12%联苯菊酯的喷雾处理对原木段的刻槽象虫侵害的预防率达到或超过70%。在该试验中，乙酰甲胺磷和呋虫胺内吸性杀虫剂以及0.03%联苯菊酯喷雾提供的保护不足（≤36%）。在另一项试验中，当原木段在处理后约9 - 15周暴露于刻槽象甲虫侵害时，1.0%西维因、0.19%氯菊酯和0.06%联苯菊酯的喷雾处理分别以≥90%、≥80%和≥70%的保护率预防了甲虫侵害。当原木段在处理后约15 - 54周暴露时，0.19%氯菊酯和0.06%联苯菊酯的喷雾处理也提供了≥90%的保护。我们得出结论，在测试条件下，1.0%和2.0%西维因、0.19%氯菊酯以及0.06%和0.12%联苯菊酯是在美国西南部保护黄松免受刻槽甲虫成功侵害一整个飞行季节的可接受的预防性处理方法。
