Sim Mi-Jin, Choi Dong-Ro, Ahn Young-Joon
School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea.
J Econ Entomol. 2006 Apr;99(2):593-8. doi: 10.1603/0022-0493-99.2.593.
The toxicities of 44 plant essential oils against larvae of Cadra cautella (Walker) were examined using direct contact and vapor phase toxicity bioassays and compared with the lethal activity of chlorpyrifos-methyl, diazinon, dichlorvos, and fenthion, four widely used organophosphorus insecticides. Responses varied according to plant material used and exposure dose and time. In a filter paper contact toxicity bioassay, potent toxicity was produced from buchu leaf, niaouli, and rosemary oils at 2.4 mg/cm2 and armoise, cypress, galbanum, and mace oils at 4.7 mg/cm2. In vapor phase toxicity bioassays with larvae, cypress, galbanum, niaouli, and rosemary oils were much more effective in closed containers than in open containers, indicating that the lethal effects of these oils were largely because of action in the vapor phase. As judged by 24-h LC50 values, potent fumigant action was observed with niaouli oil (64.7 mg/liter air) and rosemary oil (64.6 mg liter/air). Cypress and galbanum oils exhibited weak fumigant activity. These essential oils were less active than dichlorvos (0.86 mg/liter air). Little or no fumigant action was observed with chlorpyrifos-methyl, diazinon, and fenthion. Essential oils described herein, particularly niaouli and rosemary oils, merit further study as potential larvicides for the control of C. cautella.
采用直接接触和气相毒性生物测定法，检测了44种植物精油对烟草粉斑螟（Walker）幼虫的毒性，并与四种广泛使用的有机磷杀虫剂甲基毒死蜱、二嗪农、敌敌畏和倍硫磷的致死活性进行了比较。反应因所用植物材料、暴露剂量和时间而异。在滤纸接触毒性生物测定中，布枯叶、绿花白千层和迷迭香油在2.4 mg/cm²时产生强毒性，艾蒿、柏木、白松香和肉豆蔻油在4.7 mg/cm²时产生强毒性。在对幼虫的气相毒性生物测定中，柏木、白松香、绿花白千层和迷迭香油在密闭容器中比在开放容器中更有效，表明这些油的致死作用主要是由于在气相中的作用。根据24小时半数致死浓度（LC50）值判断，绿花白千层油（64.7 mg/升空气）和迷迭香油（64.6 mg/升空气）表现出强熏蒸作用。柏木和白松香油表现出弱熏蒸活性。这些精油的活性低于敌敌畏（0.86 mg/升空气）。甲基毒死蜱、二嗪农和倍硫磷几乎没有或没有熏蒸作用。本文所述的精油，特别是绿花白千层油和迷迭香油，作为控制烟草粉斑螟的潜在杀幼虫剂值得进一步研究。
