Antshel Kevin M, Phillips Margaret H, Gordon Michael, Barkley Russell, Faraone Stephen V
State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
Clin Psychol Rev. 2006 Sep;26(5):555-72. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2006.03.002. Epub 2006 May 9.
To assess the validity of ADHD in children with mental retardation, we applied Robins and Guze's [Robins, E., and Guze, S.B. (1970). Establishment of diagnostic validity in psychiatric illness: Its application to schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 126, 983-987.] criteria for determining the validity of a psychiatric disorder. We review the literature describing clinical correlates, family history, treatment response, laboratory studies, course, and outcome of children with ADHD and mental retardation. Although clearly an area in need of further research, there is preliminary evidence to suggest that ADHD is a valid psychiatric condition in children with mental retardation. Nevertheless, without knowing the base rates of ADHD symptoms in the mental retardation population, the positive predictive power and negative predictive power of ADHD symptoms in this population remain an open question. In addition to assessment of base rate symptoms, future research should consider what diagnostic algorithm may best be applied to the diagnosis of ADHD in mental retardation.
为评估智力发育迟缓儿童中注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的有效性，我们应用了罗宾斯和古泽[罗宾斯，E.，和古泽，S.B.（1970年）。精神疾病诊断有效性的确立：其在精神分裂症中的应用。《美国精神病学杂志》，126，983 - 987]判定精神障碍有效性的标准。我们回顾了描述ADHD合并智力发育迟缓儿童的临床相关因素、家族史、治疗反应、实验室研究、病程及转归的文献。尽管这显然是一个需要进一步研究的领域，但有初步证据表明ADHD在智力发育迟缓儿童中是一种有效的精神疾病。然而，由于不清楚智力发育迟缓人群中ADHD症状的基础发生率，ADHD症状在该人群中的阳性预测值和阴性预测值仍有待探讨。除了评估基础发生率症状外，未来研究应考虑哪种诊断算法最适用于智力发育迟缓儿童ADHD的诊断。
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