Park Seon Young, An Yoosuk, Park Sunghyun, Shin Min-Sup, Kang Ung Gu
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Department of Human Systems Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Psychiatry Investig. 2024 Sep;21(9):958-970. doi: 10.30773/pi.2024.0066. Epub 2024 Aug 20.
This study investigated the neurocognitive characteristics of patients who visited an outpatient clinic requesting diagnosis and treatment for adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
The patients' electronic medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Neurocognitive test results were compared using Student's t-test according to their chief complaint, depressive symptoms, childhood history, and intelligence quotient (IQ). Neurocognitive characteristics affecting subjective symptoms of ADHD were analyzed by linear regression.
The study included 106 patients. They did not have significant deficits in neurocognitive tests. Patients with depressive symptoms showed more impulsive responses (hit reaction time [p=0.037] and commission error [p=0.024]) and self-reported ADHD symptoms (p=0.001). Verbal (p=0.036) and visual memory (p=0.020) were significantly deficient in patients with a childhood ADHD diagnosis. Patients with a low IQ had significant deficits in various domains. Depressive symptoms and vigilance were significantly related to subjective symptoms of ADHD (adjusted R2=0.430, β=0.457, p=0.002).
Our results imply that the neurocognitive function of patients with subjective ADHD symptoms was not abnormal but was affected by depressive symptoms.
本研究调查了前往门诊请求诊断和治疗成人注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）患者的神经认知特征。
回顾性审查患者的电子病历。根据患者的主要诉求、抑郁症状、童年病史和智商（IQ），使用学生t检验比较神经认知测试结果。通过线性回归分析影响ADHD主观症状的神经认知特征。
该研究纳入了106名患者。他们在神经认知测试中没有明显缺陷。有抑郁症状的患者表现出更多的冲动反应（击中反应时间[p=0.037]和错误率[p=0.024]）以及自我报告的ADHD症状（p=0.001）。童年期被诊断为ADHD的患者在言语（p=0.036）和视觉记忆（p=0.020）方面明显不足。智商较低的患者在各个领域都有明显缺陷。抑郁症状和警觉性与ADHD的主观症状显著相关（调整后R2=0.430，β=0.457，p=0.002）。
我们的结果表明，有ADHD主观症状的患者神经认知功能并无异常，但受抑郁症状影响。
