Auxin-binding protein--antibodies and genes.

Of several auxin-binding systems that have been characterised the auxin-binding protein (ABP) of maize coleoptile membranes is the best candidate for a true auxin receptor. ABP, which exists as a homodimer of 22 x 10(3) M(r) glycosylated subunits, has been purified, and monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies raised against it. Electrophysiological studies with antibodies indicated the presence of a functional population of auxin receptors on the exterior face of the plasmalemma; electrophysiological experiments with impermeant auxin analogues now reinforce this conclusion. An epitope mapping kit has been used to identify the major epitopes recognised by antibody preparations. Three major epitopes, bracketing the glycosylation site, have been identified in the polyclonal serum. They are also represented in antisera produced in other laboratories and are conserved in ABP prepared from other plants. One monoclonal antibody recognises an epitope close to the amino terminus of ABP and two others recognise the carboxy terminus. The latter antibodies have been used in a sandwich ELISA to demonstrate that auxin binding induces a conformational change in ABP. Maize ABP is encoded by a small gene family and cDNA and genomic clones have been isolated. With a single exception, predicted amino acid sequences indicate remarkably little heterogeneity. The exceptional cDNA sequence predicts 87% amino acid homology with the major class of proteins. Four introns are apparent in the sequence of a complete ABP gene; their sequences are very highly conserved in an incompletely-cloned second gene lacking the first exon. The major difference between the two genes lies in the length of the first intron, which has been estimated to exceed 5.2 kb in the incomplete gene. The site of initiation of transcription has not been unambiguously identified in the complete gene, and some evidence suggests that there may be an additional intron. Homology to maize ABP cDNA has been detected in the genomes of Arabidopsis, spinach and strawberry but not in that of tobacco. A sequence located within the 3'-half of the maize cDNA is highly repeated in the strawberry genome, from which clones with homology to both halves of the maize cDNA (i.e. putative ABP genes) have been isolated.