Moyer B E, Chambers A J, Redfern M S, Cham R
Human Movement and Balance Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, 749 Benedum Hall, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
Ergonomics. 2006 Mar 15;49(4):329-43. doi: 10.1080/00140130500478553.
This study investigated the association between slip severity and pre-slip gait characteristics of younger and older subjects. Sixteen younger and eleven older healthy adults walked onto an unexpectedly slippery surface. Slip severity was categorized as either hazardous or non-hazardous using a 1.0 ms peak slip velocity threshold. The results showed that hazardous slips were associated with greater step lengths (normalized by leg length) (SLR), larger and more rapidly changing foot - floor angles (FFA) at heel strike, and increased cadence across the two subject groups. Older subjects were found to walk with shorter SLR and with smaller and more slowly changing FFA at heel strike compared to younger subjects. However, both younger and older subjects experienced hazardous slips at the same rate. A logistic regression model relating SLR and cadence to slip severity predicted that increased SLR and decreased cadence would result in increased probability of hazardous slip (R2 = 0.45, chi2 = 15.30, p<0.01). A second logistic regression model relating FFA with slip severity predicted that increased FFA would result in increased probability of hazardous slip (R2 = 0.53, chi2 = 16.55, p<0.01). These results suggest that gait characteristics prior to foot contact play an important role in the severity of an ensuing slip. The finding that older adults experienced hazardous slips at the same rate as young adults even though their SLR and FFA are smaller suggests that age is also playing a role in other aspects of postural control that impact slip severity.
本研究调查了年轻和老年受试者滑倒严重程度与滑倒前步态特征之间的关联。16名年轻健康成年人和11名老年健康成年人走上一个意外湿滑的表面。使用1.0毫秒的峰值滑倒速度阈值将滑倒严重程度分为危险或非危险两类。结果表明，危险滑倒与更大的步长（按腿长标准化）（SLR）、脚跟触地时更大且变化更快的足-地角度（FFA）以及两个受试者组中增加的步频相关。与年轻受试者相比，发现老年受试者行走时的SLR较短，脚跟触地时的FFA较小且变化较慢。然而，年轻和老年受试者经历危险滑倒的比率相同。一个将SLR和步频与滑倒严重程度相关联的逻辑回归模型预测，SLR增加和步频降低会导致危险滑倒的概率增加（R2 = 0.45，chi2 = 15.30，p<0.01）。一个将FFA与滑倒严重程度相关联的第二个逻辑回归模型预测，FFA增加会导致危险滑倒的概率增加（R2 = 0.53，chi2 = 16.55，p<0.01）。这些结果表明，足部接触前的步态特征在随后滑倒的严重程度中起重要作用。尽管老年成年人的SLR和FFA较小，但他们经历危险滑倒的比率与年轻成年人相同，这一发现表明年龄在影响滑倒严重程度的姿势控制的其他方面也发挥着作用。
