Hanson J P, Redfern M S, Mazumdar M
Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Ergonomics. 1999 Dec;42(12):1619-33. doi: 10.1080/001401399184712.
This study investigated the relationship among measurements of friction, the biomechanics of gait, and actual slip and fall events. The goal was to develop a method for estimating the probability of slips and falls based on measurements of available friction and required friction. Five subjects wearing safety harnesses walked down a ramp at various angles with either a tile or carpeted surface under dry, wet or soapy conditions. Ramp angles of 0 degree, 10 degrees and 20 degrees were used to vary the shear and normal foot force requirements. The dynamic coefficient of friction (DCOF) of shoe, floor surface and contaminant interfaces was measured. Required friction was assessed by examining the foot forces during walking trials when no slips occurred. Slips with recoveries and slips resulting in falls were recorded and categorized using a force plate and high-speed video camera. These data were then incorporated into a logistic regression to model the probability of a slip or fall event occurring based on the difference between the COF required by the foot forces generated and the measured DCOF. The results showed that the number of slip and fall events increased as the difference between the required COF and the measured DCOF increased. The logistic regression model fit the data well, resulting in an estimate of the probability of a slip or fall event based on the difference between the measured and required friction. This type of model could be used in the future to evaluate slip resistance measurement devices under various environments and assist in the design of safer work environments.
本研究调查了摩擦力测量、步态生物力学以及实际滑倒和跌倒事件之间的关系。目标是开发一种基于可用摩擦力和所需摩擦力测量来估计滑倒和跌倒概率的方法。五名佩戴安全带的受试者在不同角度的斜坡上行走，斜坡表面为瓷砖或铺设地毯，分别处于干燥、潮湿或有肥皂的条件下。使用0度、10度和20度的斜坡角度来改变剪切力和足部法向力的要求。测量了鞋子、地面和污染物界面的动态摩擦系数（DCOF）。通过检查行走试验中未发生滑倒时的足部力来评估所需摩擦力。使用测力板和高速摄像机记录并分类了恢复性滑倒和导致跌倒的滑倒。然后将这些数据纳入逻辑回归，以根据足部产生的力所需的摩擦系数与测量的DCOF之间的差异对滑倒或跌倒事件发生的概率进行建模。结果表明，随着所需摩擦系数与测量的DCOF之间的差异增加，滑倒和跌倒事件的数量也增加。逻辑回归模型对数据拟合良好，从而根据测量和所需摩擦力之间的差异估计了滑倒或跌倒事件的概率。这种类型的模型未来可用于评估各种环境下的防滑测量设备，并协助设计更安全的工作环境。
