Lackner A A, Dandekar S, Gardner M B
California Regional Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis 95617-8542.
Brain Pathol. 1991 Apr;1(3):201-12. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-3639.1991.tb00660.x.
Experimental and clinical evidence indicates that all lentiviruses of animals and humans are neurotropic and potentially neurovirulent. The prototypic animal lentiviruses, visna virus in sheep and caprine arthritis encephalitis virus in goats have been known for decades to induce neurologic disease. More recently, infection of the brain with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been linked to an associated encephalopathy and cognitive/motor complex. While the visna virus and caprine arthritis encephalitis virus are important models of neurologic disease they are not optimal for the study of HIV encephalitis because immune deficiency is only a minor component of the disease they induce. By contrast, the recently isolated lentiviruses from monkeys and cats, the simian and feline immunodeficiency viruses (SIV and FIV respectively), are profoundly immunosuppressive as well as neurotropic. SIV infection of the central nervous system of macaques now provides the best animal model for HIV infection of the human brain due to the close evolutionary relationship between monkeys and man, the genetic relatedness of their respective lentiviruses, and the similarities in the neuropathology. This chapter will compare and contrast the neurobiology of SIV and FIV with HIV.
实验和临床证据表明，所有动物和人类的慢病毒都具有嗜神经性且可能具有神经毒性。动物慢病毒的原型，即绵羊的维斯纳病毒和山羊的山羊关节炎脑炎病毒，数十年来一直被认为可诱发神经系统疾病。最近，人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染大脑已与相关的脑病以及认知/运动复合体相关联。虽然维斯纳病毒和山羊关节炎脑炎病毒是神经系统疾病的重要模型，但它们并非研究HIV脑炎的最佳模型，因为免疫缺陷只是它们所诱发疾病的一个次要组成部分。相比之下，最近从猴子和猫中分离出的慢病毒，即猴免疫缺陷病毒和猫免疫缺陷病毒（分别为SIV和FIV），不仅具有嗜神经性，还具有极强的免疫抑制作用。由于猴子与人类之间密切的进化关系、它们各自慢病毒的遗传相关性以及神经病理学的相似性，猕猴中枢神经系统的SIV感染现在为人类大脑的HIV感染提供了最佳动物模型。本章将比较和对比SIV、FIV与HIV的神经生物学。
