Bruschini Claudia, Dani Francesca R, Pieraccini Giuseppe, Guarna Francesco, Turillazzi Stefano
Centro Interdipartimentale di Spettrometria di Massa (CISM), Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy.
Toxicon. 2006 Jun 1;47(7):812-25. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2006.03.002. Epub 2006 May 15.
The venom volatiles of five paper wasp species, four European belonging to the subgenus Polistes sensu stricto (P. dominulus, P. gallicus, P. nimphus, P. sulcifer) and one belonging to the Asian subgenus Gyrostoma (P. olivaceus), have been sampled by headspace solid phase micro-extraction and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The venom volatile components of Polistes wasps have never been fully investigated before, although the presence of some spiroacetals has been previously reported in literature. The composition of the venom was qualitatively and quantitatively different among the analysed species with the major substances tentatively identified, on the basis of their mass spectra, as: spiroacetals, mainly 2,8-dimethyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane, two amides, N-(3-methylbutyl)acetamide and N-(3-methylbutyl)propanamide and acetates of saturated, mono- and di-unsaturated 2-alcohols with an odd number of carbon atoms in the chain. The acetate of a di-unsaturated 2-alcohol, present in two isomeric forms, identified as (E)- and (Z)-5-tangerinol has never been reported in literature for insects. Propanoates of the same 2-alcohols were only found in the venom of P. gallicus. Both the amides and the above-mentioned spiroacetal have been already shown to be alarm pheromones in other social wasps, while the acetates and propanoates have ever been reported in this taxon.
通过顶空固相微萃取对五种胡蜂的毒液挥发物进行了采样，其中四种欧洲胡蜂属于狭义的Polistes亚属（意大利黄胡蜂、高卢黄胡蜂、尼姆黄胡蜂、沟腹黄胡蜂），一种属于亚洲的Gyrostoma亚属（橄榄黄胡蜂），并采用气相色谱 - 质谱联用仪进行了分析。尽管此前文献中曾报道过一些螺缩醛的存在，但Polistes胡蜂毒液挥发成分此前从未得到过充分研究。在所分析的物种中，毒液的组成在定性和定量方面存在差异，根据质谱初步鉴定出的主要物质有：螺缩醛，主要是2,8 - 二甲基 - 1,7 - 二氧杂螺[5.5]十一烷，两种酰胺，N - (3 - 甲基丁基)乙酰胺和N - (3 - 甲基丁基)丙酰胺，以及链中碳原子数为奇数的饱和、单不饱和和二不饱和2 - 醇的乙酸酯。一种二不饱和2 - 醇的乙酸酯，以两种异构体形式存在，鉴定为(E) - 和(Z) - 5 - 橙花醇，在昆虫文献中从未有过报道。相同2 - 醇的丙酸酯仅在高卢黄胡蜂的毒液中发现。酰胺和上述螺缩醛在其他社会性胡蜂中已被证明是报警信息素，而乙酸酯和丙酸酯在该分类群中从未有过报道。
