Department of Plant Biology and Soil Sciences, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus As Lagoas, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain.
Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
Molecules. 2021 Nov 9;26(22):6769. doi: 10.3390/molecules26226769.
has been rapidly expanding throughout Galicia since 2012. It is causing human health risks and well-known losses in the beekeeping sector. Control methods are scarce, unspecific, and ineffective. Semiochemicals are insect-derived chemicals that play a role in communication and they could be used an integrated pest management tool alternative to conventional pesticides. A previous determination of the organic chemical profile should be the first step in the study of these semiochemicals. HS-SPME in living individuals and the sting apparatus extraction followed by GC-MS spectrometry were combined to extract a possible profile of these compounds in 43 hornets from Galicia. The identified compounds were hydrocarbons, ketones, terpenes, and fatty acid, and fatty acid esters. Nonanal aldehyde appeared in important concentrations in living individuals. While pentadecane, 8-hexyl- and ethyl oleate were mainly extracted from the venom apparatus. Ketones 2-nonanone, 2-undecanone and 7-nonen-2-one, 4,8-dimethyl- were identified by both procedures, as was 1,7-Nonadiene, 4,8-dimethyl-. Some compounds were detected for the first time in such as naphthalene, 1,6-dimethyl-4-(1-methylethyl). The chemical profile by caste was also characterized.
自 2012 年以来，它一直在加利西亚迅速蔓延。它给人类健康带来风险，并对养蜂业造成了众所周知的损失。控制方法稀缺、不具体且无效。信息素是昆虫产生的化学物质，在它们的交流中发挥作用，它们可以作为一种替代传统农药的综合害虫管理工具。在研究这些信息素之前，首先应该确定其有机化学成分的概况。在活体个体中采用 HS-SPME 法和螫针提取法，然后进行 GC-MS 光谱分析，以提取加利西亚的 43 只大黄蜂中这些化合物的可能成分。鉴定出的化合物包括烃类、酮类、萜烯类和脂肪酸及其酯类。正壬醛在活体个体中以重要浓度出现。而十五烷、8-己基-和油酸乙酯主要从毒液器官中提取。两种方法均鉴定出 2-壬酮、2-十一酮和 7-壬烯-2-酮、4,8-二甲基-，还鉴定出 1,7-壬二烯、4,8-二甲基-。有些化合物是首次在这种黄蜂中检测到的，例如萘、1,6-二甲基-4-(1-甲基乙基)。还对不同蜂型的化学成分概况进行了描述。
