Burr Paul
BioBest Laboratories Ltd., Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom.
Vet Microbiol. 2006 Oct 5;117(1):39-42. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.04.008. Epub 2006 Apr 18.
The issue of the duration of immunity, particularly for the modified live viral components of veterinary vaccines, has been a significant part of the recent vaccination debate. One manufacturer has increased the recommended booster interval for these components to 3 years give name and another now states 'up to 4 years' immunity. There remain many unanswered questions regarding this duration of immunity (DOI). Studies suitable for data sheet claims are time consuming and costly and can only be performed in laboratory dogs under tightly controlled conditions. Evidence from rabies serology testing in the UK shows that the response of individual animals to routine vaccination is highly variable. Much of the published field evidence on the persistence of antibody titres originates from North America, where vaccination strategies and reservoir species differ from Europe. Quantifying the effect of exposure to field virus on the maintenance of immunity in these studies is impossible, and little is known of the circulation of virus in unvaccinated dogs and wild mammals throughout Europe. If owners or vets are concerned about revaccination one option is to assess the need for each booster by performing a blood test. There is some published evidence of the relationship between antibody titres and protective immunity, and tests are available to measure responses to individual viral components of the routine canine and feline vaccines. It must be remembered that most commercial tests to assess immunity only measure antibodies, which are only one aspect of the immune response to vaccination. It is therefore possible that animals without or with low antibody titres are in fact protected. Serological tests are an option if owners are unwilling to have their animal boostered without evidence that it is needed. However, the cost of these tests is likely to exceed that of booster vaccination for the foreseeable future.
免疫持续时间的问题，特别是兽用疫苗中减毒活病毒成分的免疫持续时间，一直是近期疫苗接种辩论的重要部分。一家制造商已将这些成分的推荐加强免疫间隔延长至3年（给出名称），另一家制造商现在称免疫期“长达4年”。关于这种免疫持续时间（DOI）仍有许多未解决的问题。适用于产品说明书声明的研究耗时且成本高昂，并且只能在严格控制条件下的实验犬中进行。英国狂犬病血清学检测的证据表明，个体动物对常规疫苗接种的反应差异很大。许多已发表的关于抗体滴度持久性的现场证据来自北美，那里的疫苗接种策略和储存宿主物种与欧洲不同。在这些研究中，不可能量化接触野外病毒对免疫维持的影响，而且对于整个欧洲未接种疫苗的犬类和野生哺乳动物中病毒的传播情况知之甚少。如果主人或兽医担心再次接种疫苗，一种选择是通过进行血液检测来评估每次加强免疫的必要性。有一些已发表的证据表明抗体滴度与保护性免疫之间的关系，并且有检测方法可用于测量对常规犬猫疫苗中各个病毒成分的反应。必须记住，大多数评估免疫的商业检测仅测量抗体，而抗体只是疫苗接种免疫反应的一个方面。因此，没有抗体滴度或抗体滴度低的动物实际上可能受到了保护。如果主人不愿意在没有证据表明需要的情况下给动物加强免疫，血清学检测是一种选择。然而，在可预见的未来，这些检测的成本可能会超过加强免疫接种的成本。
