Feniouk Boris A, Suzuki Toshiharu, Yoshida Masasuke
ATP System Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), 5800-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-0026, Japan.
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006 May-Jun;1757(5-6):326-38. doi: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2006.03.022. Epub 2006 Apr 4.
The regulation of ATP synthase activity is complex and involves several distinct mechanisms. In bacteria and chloroplasts, subunit epsilon plays an important role in this regulation, (i) affecting the efficiency of coupling, (ii) influencing the catalytic pathway, and (iii) selectively inhibiting ATP hydrolysis activity. Several experimental studies indicate that the regulation is achieved through large conformational transitions of the alpha-helical C-terminal domain of subunit epsilon that occur in response to membrane energization, change in ATP/ADP ratio or addition of inhibitors. This review summarizes the experimental data obtained on different organisms that clarify some basic features as well as some molecular details of this regulatory mechanism. Multiple functions of subunit epsilon, its role in the difference between the catalytic pathways of ATP synthesis and hydrolysis and its influence on the inhibition of ATP hydrolysis by ADP are also discussed.
ATP合酶活性的调节是复杂的，涉及几种不同的机制。在细菌和叶绿体中，ε亚基在这种调节中起重要作用，（i）影响偶联效率，（ii）影响催化途径，以及（iii）选择性抑制ATP水解活性。几项实验研究表明，这种调节是通过ε亚基α-螺旋C末端结构域的大构象转变实现的，这种转变是对膜去极化、ATP/ADP比值变化或添加抑制剂的响应。这篇综述总结了在不同生物体上获得的实验数据，这些数据阐明了这种调节机制的一些基本特征以及一些分子细节。还讨论了ε亚基的多种功能、其在ATP合成和水解催化途径差异中的作用以及其对ADP抑制ATP水解的影响。
