Traveset Anna, Richardson David M
Mediterranean Institute of Advanced Studies (CSIC-UIB), C/ Miquel Marqués 21, E07190 Esporles, Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain.
Trends Ecol Evol. 2006 Apr;21(4):208-16. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2006.01.006. Epub 2006 Feb 7.
Invasive alien species affect the composition and functioning of invaded ecosystems in many ways, altering ecological interactions that have arisen over evolutionary timescales. Specifically, disruptions to pollination and seed-dispersal mutualistic interactions are often documented, although the profound implications of such impacts are not widely recognized. Such disruptions can occur via the introduction of alien pollinators, seed dispersers, herbivores, predators or plants, and we define here the many potential outcomes of each situation. The frequency and circumstances under which each category of mechanisms operates are also poorly known. Most evidence is from population-level studies, and the implications for global biodiversity are difficult to predict. Further insights are needed on the degree of resilience in interaction networks, but the preliminary picture suggests that invasive species frequently cause profound disruptions to plant reproductive mutualisms.
外来入侵物种通过多种方式影响被入侵生态系统的组成和功能，改变了在进化时间尺度上形成的生态相互作用。具体而言，授粉和种子传播互利共生相互作用受到干扰的情况屡见不鲜，尽管此类影响的深远意义尚未得到广泛认识。这种干扰可能通过引入外来传粉者、种子传播者、食草动物、捕食者或植物而发生，我们在此定义了每种情况的诸多潜在结果。各类机制发挥作用的频率和环境也鲜为人知。大多数证据来自种群水平的研究，其对全球生物多样性的影响难以预测。我们需要进一步了解相互作用网络的恢复力程度，但初步情况表明，入侵物种经常对植物繁殖互利共生关系造成严重破坏。
