García Ramos E, Pizarro Suárez E, Sapiáin L A, Lugo de la Fuente G
Depto. de Microbiología Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, D.F.
Rev Latinoam Microbiol. 1991 Apr-Sep;33(2-3):109-19.
This study also included epidemiologic data to determine the risk factors for the enhancement of these infections. The coagglutination technique for the rapid diagnosis of streptococcus was tried. Five hundred and thirty one samples of pharingeal swabs were obtained from children with ARI. 74% were younger than one year old. Brochopneumonias constituted 66.39% of the cases. In total 357 agents were isolated 35% corresponding to bacteria in pure culture, 23.3% to mixed infections and 11.6% only viruses. The bacteria were: Haemphilus influenza (12.4%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (11%), Staphylococcus aureus (9%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (6.3%), Mycoplasma pneumoniae was identified in 5 children and M. hominis in 3. Adenoviruses were isolated in 98 patients, parainfluenza in 19, respiratory syncytial virus in 4, influenza in 1 and picornavirus in 2. Predominating socioeconomic factors were: overcrowding, deficient schooling and low income of parents which favor malnutrition. The more frequent agents were constitutes by bacteria. Viruses were a less cause of infection. It was confirmed that babies under 12 months are more susceptible to bacterial pneumonia and prompt treatment with antimicrobial agents lowered the lethality. Low socioeconomic level is a possible predisposing factor for respiratory diseases.
本研究还纳入了流行病学数据，以确定这些感染加重的危险因素。尝试了用协同凝集技术快速诊断链球菌。从患有急性呼吸道感染的儿童中采集了531份咽拭子样本。74%的儿童年龄小于1岁。支气管肺炎占病例的66.39%。共分离出357种病原体，35%为纯培养细菌，23.3%为混合感染，11.6%仅为病毒。细菌包括：流感嗜血杆菌（12.4%）、肺炎链球菌（11%）、金黄色葡萄球菌（9%）和肺炎克雷伯菌（6.3%），5名儿童检测出肺炎支原体，3名儿童检测出人型支原体。98例患者分离出腺病毒，19例分离出副流感病毒，4例分离出呼吸道合胞病毒，1例分离出流感病毒，2例分离出微小核糖核酸病毒。主要的社会经济因素包括：过度拥挤、教育不足和父母低收入，这些因素易导致营养不良。较常见的病原体是细菌。病毒是较少见的感染原因。证实12个月以下婴儿更容易患细菌性肺炎，及时使用抗菌药物治疗可降低死亡率。社会经济水平低是呼吸系统疾病可能的诱发因素。
