Murr L E, Garza K M, Soto K F, Carrasco A, Powell T G, Ramirez D A, Guerrero P A, Lopez D A, Venzor J
Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2005 Apr;2(1):31-42. doi: 10.3390/ijerph2005010031.
Nanotechnology and nanomaterials have become the new frontier world-wide over the past few years and prospects for the production and novel uses of large quantities of carbon nanotubes in particular are becoming an increasing reality. Correspondingly, the potential health risks for these and other nanoparticulate materials have been of considerable concern. Toxicological studies, while sparse, have been concerned with virtually uncharacterized, single wall carbon nanotubes, and the conclusions have been conflicting and uncertain. In this research we performed viability assays on a murine lung macrophage cell line to assess the comparative cytotoxicity of commercial, single wall carbon nanotubes (ropes) and two different multiwall carbon nanotube samples; utilizing chrysotile asbestos nanotubes and black carbon nanoaggregates as toxicity standards. These nanotube materials were completely characterized by transmission electron microscopy and observed to be aggregates ranging from 1 to 2 microm in mean diameter, with closed ends. The cytotoxicity data indicated a strong concentration relationship and toxicity for all the carbon nanotube materials relative to the asbestos nanotubes and black carbon. A commercial multiwall carbon nanotube aggregate exhibiting this significant cell response was observed to be identical in structure to multiwall carbon nanotube aggregates demonstrated to be ubiquitous in the environment, and especially in indoor environments, where natural gas or propane cooking stoves exist. Correspondingly, preliminary epidemiological data, although sparse, indicate a correlation between asthma incidence or classification, and exposure to gas stoves. These results suggest a number of novel epidemiological and etiological avenues for asthma triggers and related respiratory or other environmental health effects, especially since indoor number concentrations for multiwall carbon nanotube aggregates is at least 10 times the outdoor concentration, and virtually all gas combustion processes are variously effective sources. These results also raise concerns for manufactured carbon nanotube aggregates, and related fullerene nanoparticles.
在过去几年中，纳米技术和纳米材料已成为全球新的前沿领域，特别是大量生产碳纳米管及其新用途的前景正日益成为现实。相应地，这些纳米颗粒材料以及其他纳米颗粒材料对健康的潜在风险备受关注。毒理学研究虽然稀少，但主要关注实际上未被表征的单壁碳纳米管，其结论相互矛盾且不确定。在本研究中，我们对小鼠肺巨噬细胞系进行了活力测定，以评估商业单壁碳纳米管（绳状）和两种不同的多壁碳纳米管样品的相对细胞毒性；使用温石棉纳米管和黑碳纳米聚集体作为毒性标准。这些纳米管材料通过透射电子显微镜进行了全面表征，观察到它们是平均直径为1至2微米的聚集体，末端封闭。细胞毒性数据表明，相对于石棉纳米管和黑碳，所有碳纳米管材料都具有很强的浓度关系和毒性。观察到一种表现出这种显著细胞反应的商业多壁碳纳米管聚集体，其结构与已证明在环境中普遍存在的多壁碳纳米管聚集体相同，尤其是在存在天然气或丙烷炉灶的室内环境中。相应地，初步的流行病学数据虽然稀少，但表明哮喘发病率或分类与接触燃气炉灶之间存在相关性。这些结果为哮喘触发因素以及相关的呼吸道或其他环境卫生影响提示了一些新的流行病学和病因学途径，特别是因为室内多壁碳纳米管聚集体的数量浓度至少是室外浓度的10倍，而且几乎所有的气体燃烧过程都是不同程度的有效来源。这些结果也引发了对人造碳纳米管聚集体以及相关富勒烯纳米颗粒的担忧。
Zotero 插件
