跨理论模型在经济弱势非裔美国青少年果蔬消费中的应用：初步研究结果。
Application of the transtheoretical model to fruit and vegetable consumption among economically disadvantaged African-American adolescents: preliminary findings.
作者信息
Di Noia Jennifer, Schinke Steven P, Prochaska James O, Contento Isobel R
机构信息
Columbia University School of Social Work, New York, New York 10027, USA.
出版信息
Am J Health Promot. 2006 May-Jun;20(5):342-8. doi: 10.4278/0890-1171-20.5.342.
PURPOSE
To examine the application of the transtheoretical model (TTM) to fruit and vegetable consumption among economically disadvantaged African-American adolescents.
METHODS
Scales for measuring decisional balance, situational self-efficacy, and processes of change for fruit and vegetable consumption were developed and pretested with 57 economically disadvantaged African-American adolescents. The scales and measures for assessing stages of change, demographic variables, and fruit and vegetable consumption were administered to a separate sample of 262 participants. t-tests for independent samples and analysis of variance were used to examine differences in TTM variables and fruit and vegetable consumption across stages of change.
RESULTS
Two-factor solutions for decisional balance and processes of change and a three-factor solution for situational self-efficacy provided the best fit to the data. Alpha coefficients of reliability for the scales ranged from .77 (experiential change processes) to .91 (pros). Participants in action-maintenance stages evidenced higher pros, self-efficacy, and fruit and vegetable consumption and significantly lower cons than did participants in precontemplation and contemplation-preparation stages. Also, participants in action-maintenance stages used processes of change more frequently than did those in precontemplation-contemplation-preparation stages. The use of experiential and behavioral processes within these stages did not differ significantly, as posited.
DISCUSSION
Observed differences in TTM variables and fruit and vegetable consumption by stage of change in this sample of economically disadvantaged African-American adolescents were consistent with theory and previous applications of the model to fruit and vegetable consumption in adults. With replication studies, the TTM may be appropriate for designing interventions to increase fruit and vegetable consumption among this population.
目的
探讨跨理论模型（TTM）在经济弱势非裔美国青少年果蔬消费中的应用。
方法
开发了用于测量果蔬消费决策平衡、情境自我效能和改变过程的量表，并对57名经济弱势非裔美国青少年进行了预测试。将用于评估改变阶段、人口统计学变量以及果蔬消费的量表和测量方法应用于262名参与者的另一个样本。使用独立样本t检验和方差分析来检验跨理论模型变量和果蔬消费在不同改变阶段的差异。
结果
决策平衡和改变过程的双因素解决方案以及情境自我效能的三因素解决方案与数据拟合度最佳。量表的信度α系数范围为0.77（经验性改变过程）至0.91（益处）。行动维持阶段的参与者表现出更高的益处、自我效能和果蔬消费量，且与处于前意向和意向-准备阶段的参与者相比，弊端显著更低。此外，行动维持阶段的参与者比前意向-意向-准备阶段的参与者更频繁地使用改变过程。正如所假设的，这些阶段内经验性和行为性过程的使用没有显著差异。
讨论
在这个经济弱势非裔美国青少年样本中，观察到的跨理论模型变量和果蔬消费在改变阶段上的差异与理论以及该模型先前在成年人果蔬消费中的应用一致。通过重复研究，跨理论模型可能适用于设计干预措施以增加该人群的果蔬消费量。
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