Song Y F, Wilke B-M, Song X Y, Gong P, Zhou Q X, Yang G F
Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecological Processes, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenhua Road 72, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China.
Chemosphere. 2006 Dec;65(10):1859-68. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.03.076. Epub 2006 May 16.
A study was carried out on the residue level of major concern pollutants (PAHs, PCBs and HMs) and the assessment of their genotoxicity in soils obtained from Shenyang, northeast of China which had been subjected to wastewater irrigation for more than 40 years. Topsoils (0-20cm) in paddy fields were sampled along the upper, middle and lower reaches of the wastewater disposal channel. Sixteen USEPA PAHs were determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detector, eight PCBs were detected by Gas Chromatography (GC) with electron capture detector, and six heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, and Cr) were measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The genotoxicity effect of soils was examined by Vicia faba micronucleus (MN) test. Archived soils that had undergone a similar history of wastewater irrigation provided by Technical University of Berlin, Germany were subjected to analysis of the above pollutants and Vicia faba/MN test for comparison. Results indicated elevated residues of the studied pollutants (PAHs, especially benzo (a) pyrene, the eight PCB congeners and heavy metals) in both tested and archived soils. The MN frequencies were 2.2-48.4 times higher compared with the control. However, there was no correlation between the MN frequencies and the concentration of pollutants detected. This investigation suggested a potential ecological risk even with a lower level of residual pollutants in soil matrix after long-term wastewater irrigation.
对中国东北沈阳地区40多年来一直采用污水灌溉的土壤中主要关注污染物（多环芳烃、多氯联苯和重金属）的残留水平及其遗传毒性进行了研究。沿污水排放渠道的上、中、下游采集稻田表层土壤（0 - 20厘米）。采用带荧光检测器的高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定16种美国环保署规定的多环芳烃，用带电子捕获检测器的气相色谱法（GC）检测8种多氯联苯，并用原子吸收分光光度计（AAS）测定6种重金属（镉、铜、铅、锌、镍和铬）。通过蚕豆微核（MN）试验检测土壤的遗传毒性效应。对德国柏林工业大学提供的经历了类似污水灌溉历史的存档土壤进行上述污染物分析和蚕豆/微核试验以作比较。结果表明，受试土壤和存档土壤中所研究污染物（多环芳烃，尤其是苯并（a）芘、8种多氯联苯同系物和重金属）的残留量均有所升高。微核频率比对照高2.2 - 48.4倍。然而，微核频率与所检测污染物的浓度之间没有相关性。这项调查表明，即使长期污水灌溉后土壤基质中残留污染物水平较低，也存在潜在的生态风险。
