Aggett Peter J, Agostoni Carlo, Axelsson Irene, De Curtis Mario, Goulet Olivier, Hernell Olle, Koletzko Berthold, Lafeber Harry N, Michaelsen Kim F, Puntis John W L, Rigo Jacques, Shamir Raanan, Szajewska Hania, Turck Dominique, Weaver Lawrence T
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2006 May;42(5):596-603. doi: 10.1097/01.mpg.0000221915.73264.c7.
Survival of small premature infants has markedly improved during the last few decades. These infants are discharged from hospital care with body weight below the usual birth weight of healthy term infants. Early nutrition support of preterm infants influences long-term health outcomes. Therefore, the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition has reviewed available evidence on feeding preterm infants after hospital discharge. Close monitoring of growth during hospital stay and after discharge is recommended to enable the provision of adequate nutrition support. Measurements of length and head circumference, in addition to weight, must be used to identify those preterm infants with poor growth that may need additional nutrition support. Infants with an appropriate weight for postconceptional age at discharge should be breast-fed when possible. When formula-fed, such infants should be fed regular infant formula with provision of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Infants discharged with a subnormal weight for postconceptional age are at increased risk of long-term growth failure, and the human milk they consume should be supplemented, for example, with a human milk fortifier to provide an adequate nutrient supply. If formula-fed, such infants should receive special postdischarge formula with high contents of protein, minerals and trace elements as well as an long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supply, at least until a postconceptional age of 40 weeks, but possibly until about 52 weeks postconceptional age. Continued growth monitoring is required to adapt feeding choices to the needs of individual infants and to avoid underfeeding or overfeeding.
在过去几十年中，早产低体重婴儿的存活率显著提高。这些婴儿出院时的体重低于足月健康婴儿的正常出生体重。早产儿的早期营养支持会影响其长期健康状况。因此，欧洲儿科胃肠病、肝病和营养学会（ESPGHAN）营养委员会对出院后喂养早产儿的现有证据进行了审查。建议密切监测住院期间和出院后的生长情况，以便提供充足的营养支持。除体重外，还必须测量身长和头围，以识别那些生长不良可能需要额外营养支持 的早产儿。出院时体重与孕龄相称的婴儿应尽可能进行母乳喂养。如果采用配方奶喂养，此类婴儿应喂食添加了长链多不饱和脂肪酸的常规婴儿配方奶粉。出院时体重低于孕龄正常水平的婴儿长期生长发育不良的风险增加，他们所食用的母乳应进行强化，例如添加母乳强化剂以提供充足的营养供应。如果采用配方奶喂养，此类婴儿应至少在孕龄40周前，可能直到孕龄52周，接受蛋白质、矿物质和微量元素含量高且含有长链多不饱和脂肪酸的特殊出院后配方奶粉。需要持续监测生长情况，以便根据个别婴儿的需求调整喂养选择，避免喂养不足或过度喂养。
