Fiore Anthony E, Wasley Annemarie, Bell Beth P
Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
MMWR Recomm Rep. 2006 May 19;55(RR-7):1-23.
Routine vaccination of children is an effective way to reduce hepatitis A incidence in the United States. Since licensure of hepatitis A vaccine during 1995-1996, the hepatitis A childhood immunization strategy has been implemented incrementally, starting with the recommendation of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) in 1996 to vaccinate children living in communities with the highest disease rates and continuing in 1999 with ACIP's recommendations for vaccination of children living in states, counties, and communities with consistently elevated hepatitis A rates. These updated recommendations represent the final step in the childhood hepatitis A immunization strategy, routine hepatitis A vaccination of children nationwide. Implementation of these recommendations will reinforce existing vaccination programs, extend the benefits associated with hepatitis A vaccination to the rest of the country, and create the foundation for eventual consideration of elimination of indigenous hepatitis A virus transmission. This report updates ACIP's 1999 recommendations concerning the prevention of hepatitis A through immunization (CDC. Prevention of hepatitis A through active or passive immunization: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices [ACIP]. MMWR 1999:48[No. RR-12]:1-37) and includes 1) new data on the epidemiology of hepatitis A in the era of hepatitis A vaccination of children in selected U.S. areas, 2) results of analyses of the economics of nationwide routine vaccination of children, and 3) recommendations for the routine vaccination of children in the United States. Previous recommendations for vaccination of persons in groups at increased risk for hepatitis A or its adverse consequences and recommendations regarding the use of immune globulin for protection against hepatitis A are unchanged from the 1999 recommendations.
儿童常规疫苗接种是降低美国甲型肝炎发病率的有效方法。自1995 - 1996年甲型肝炎疫苗获得许可以来，儿童甲型肝炎免疫策略已逐步实施，始于1996年免疫实践咨询委员会（ACIP）建议为疾病发病率最高社区的儿童接种疫苗，并于1999年继续推进，ACIP建议为甲型肝炎发病率持续升高的州、县和社区的儿童接种疫苗。这些更新后的建议代表了儿童甲型肝炎免疫策略的最后一步，即全国范围内儿童常规接种甲型肝炎疫苗。实施这些建议将加强现有的疫苗接种计划，把与甲型肝炎疫苗接种相关的益处扩展到美国其他地区，并为最终考虑消除本土甲型肝炎病毒传播奠定基础。本报告更新了ACIP 1999年关于通过免疫预防甲型肝炎的建议（疾病控制与预防中心。通过主动或被动免疫预防甲型肝炎：免疫实践咨询委员会[ACIP]的建议。《发病率与死亡率周报》1999；48[第RR - 12号]：1 - 37），并包括1）美国部分地区儿童接种甲型肝炎疫苗时代甲型肝炎流行病学的新数据，2）全国儿童常规疫苗接种经济学分析结果，以及3）美国儿童常规疫苗接种建议。先前关于甲型肝炎或其不良后果风险增加人群的疫苗接种建议以及关于使用免疫球蛋白预防甲型肝炎的建议与1999年的建议保持不变。
